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VETM 522 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: most cancers are treatable

A

true!

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2
Q

the primary intent of treating cancer is

A

extend good quality of life as long as possible

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3
Q

what is “curative intent therapy”

A

we intend to cure, but curative intent does not guarantee a cure

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4
Q

clinical eval provides 5 essential pieces of information regarding cancer which are:

A
  • definitive histopath diagnosis with tumor grade
  • clinical stage of disease
  • prescence of abscnece of paraneoplastic syndromes
  • clinically sig concurrent medical conditions
  • detailed patient baseline
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5
Q

the primary goal of palliative therapy is

A

maintaining good quality of life, not extending life and detailed knowledge of the tumor is not always needed

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6
Q

cancer therapy should be tailored to match expected biologic behavior in 2 major categories which are

A

local disease, systemic disease (aka is the cancer local or systemic)

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7
Q

what kinds of treatments are best for local cancer disease?

A

surgery, radiotherapy, or both

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8
Q

what kind of treatments are best for systemic cancer disease?

A

chemo mostly, can consider surgery.radiotherapy if theres a confined tumor

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9
Q

examples of common local cancers and systemic cancers in small animals

A

local: soft tissue sarcomas, low greade mast cell tumor

systemic: lymphoma, canine osteosarcoma, feline mammary carcinoma (multiple foci OR a high likelihood of early metastasis(

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10
Q

the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in dogs is _____. which breeds are predisposed?

A

lymphoma

boxers, golden retrievers, bull mastiffs

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11
Q

how does canine lymphoma usually present?

A

usually middle aged dogs, usually multicentric with enlarged LNs, and quite often no systemic signs of illness. other organs like spleen, liver, thymus, bone marrow can be involved.

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12
Q

a 6yo golden retriever comes to see you for annual vaccinations and you notice enlarged LNs. You suspect lymphoma. What are your next steps ideally?

A

must establish a patient baseline, check for concurrent disease, check for paraneoplastic syndromes (such as hypercalcemia), and get a clinical stage and definitive diagnosis

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13
Q

describe stages 1-5 for canine lymphoma

A

stage I: single node
stage II: multiple node on one side of diaphragm
stage III: generalized LN involvement
stage IV: stages I thru III with liver and/or spleen involved
stage V: stages I to IV with bone marrow involvement

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14
Q

the most effective and practical treatment for canine lymphoma is_____, with a median survival time of

A

chemotherapy (doxorubicin containing protocols, CHOP most common)

6 to 14 months

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15
Q

what are some side effects of treating canine lymphoma with chemotherapy?

A

GI toxicity (anorexia, nasuea, vomiting)
alopecia, perivascular necrosis

life threatening toxicity is uncommon (myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity)

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16
Q

what factors affect prognosis for canine lymphoma?

A

clinical stage of disease, whether the dog is clinically ill or not, prior treatment with steroids, whether it is B or T cell, the chemo drugs chosen, and response to therapy

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17
Q

the incidence of lymphoma is the highest in

A

cats

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18
Q

in cats, lymphoma can be caused by

A

FeLV (young cats have thymic lymphoma usually, older cats will have GI lymphoma)

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19
Q

enlarged peripheral LNs are uncommon for which kind of lymphoma?

A

feline

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20
Q

which organs does feline lymphoma tend to affect?

A

thymus/mediastinum, GI, renal, nasal, multicentric

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21
Q

what is the most common presenting complaint for feline lymphoma

A

anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, dehydration, could be pale

if GI: vomiting and diarrhea
if renal affected: PUPD
if lung involvement: dyspnea

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22
Q

explain stages 1-5 for feline lymphoma

A

stage I: single tumor or a single anatomic area
stage II: single tumor with regional LNs OR 2 tumors on one side of diaphragm
stage III: 2 tumors on opposite sides of diaphragm
stage IV: liver and spleen involvement
stage V:CNS or bone marrow involvement

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23
Q

the best treatment for feline lymphoma is _____ with a median survival time of

A

chemotherapy

7 months

24
Q

who handles chemotherapy for lymphoma better, dogs or cats?

A

cats

25
Q

true or false: adjuvant local therapy can be beneficial in some cats with lymphoma

A

true! can do surgery or radiation and combine with chemo. localized disease is more common than in dogs

26
Q

which factors DO affect feline lymphoma prognosis and which factors DO NOT?

A

DO: FeLV status, clinical stage, whether the cat is clinically sick or not, response to therapy

DOES NOT:age, sex, breed, FIV status, pretreatment with prednisone

27
Q

what dog breeds are predisposed to mast cell tumors?

A

boxers, boston terriers, golden retreiver, lab, schnauzer

28
Q

true or false: mast cell tumors usually affect older dogs and primary visceral involvement is rare

A

true

29
Q

how do mast cell tumors usually present?

A

usually a single skin mass, can grow slowly over months or years but if malignant they grow very fast and are often ulcerated, swollen, bleeding, etc.

30
Q

where do mast cell tumors metastasize to?

A

local LNs, viscera, bone marrow

31
Q

true or false: systemic illness is common with mast cell tumors

A

false, but can occur with release of granules

32
Q

for canine mast cell tumors, ______ predicts prognosis

A

histopathologic grade

33
Q

briefly describe the grades for a canine mast cell tumor

A

grade I: bengin
grade II: intermediate malignancy (aggressive local invasion but low risk of metastasis)
grade III: aggressive local invasion and distant metastasis

34
Q

the primary treatment for canine mast cell tumor is

A

surgery!

complete resection curative for a grade I and lower grade II

wide and deep excision is needed for grade II and III, 3cm margins

35
Q

_______% of dogs with resected grade II mast cell tumors have regrowth within a year

A

50

36
Q

_______ has proven to significantly improve local control of grade II mast cell tumors in dogs

A

radiotherapy

37
Q

true or false: chemotherapy is inapprorpaite for most dogs with mast cell tumors

A

true! BUT you could consider chemo for high risk grade II or III

38
Q

what are the 2 forms of feline mast cell tumors?

A

cutaneous and visceral

39
Q

cutaneous feline mast cell tumors can be what 2 things

A

mastocytic or histiocytic

40
Q

visceral feline mast cell tumors affect what 2 organs?

A

spleen and intestine

41
Q

the most common dermal form of feline mast cell tumors is

A

mastocytic cutaneous, usually older cats with pink or white hairless dermal nodules, often on the head ad neck

42
Q

are cutaneous feline mast cell tumors usually bengin of malignant?

A

benign

43
Q

mastocytic cutaneous happens in ____ cats and histiocytic happens in _____ cats

A

old, young

44
Q

true or false: histiocytic cutaneous mast cell tumors can spontaneously regress

A

true

45
Q

____% of feline mast cell tumors are visceral

A

50

46
Q

which is more malignant: cutenous or visceral mast cell tumor in cats

A

visceral: spread to liver, LNs, bone marrow

47
Q

true or false: cats with visceral mast cell tumors are often systemically healthy

A

false, they are usually systemically ill

48
Q

clinical findings in cats with visceral mast cell tumors?

A

massive splenomegaly, abdominal mass, abdominal effusion, enlarged LNs, pallor

49
Q

prognosis for feline mast cell tumors?

A

excellent for cutaneous–>surgery

50
Q

which dog breeds are predisposed to oestosarcoma?

A

giant breeds: great dane, irish setter, saint bernard

51
Q

a great dane presents with lameness and swelling of the left hind leg. You tried giving the dog rest and NSAIDs but the dog did not improve. what are you thinking?

A

likely osteosarcoma :( take rads to check

52
Q

what is the saying to remember where osteosarc likes to go?

A

away from the elbow, towards the knee

it likes growth plates

53
Q

osteosarcoma in dogs likes to metastasize to

A

the lungs

54
Q

how do you treat osteosarcoma?

A

surgical resection of primary tumor (leg amputation), MST 3-4 months

chemo: prolongs survival, MST 1 year

radiotherapy is also an option

55
Q

true or false, bone cancers are common in cats

A

false! they are rare in cats, and they do not metastaszie nearly as often

56
Q

dog oestosarcoma likes the _____ and cat osteosarcoma likes the _____

A

front legs
hind legs

57
Q

how do you treat a cat with oestosarcoma

A

resection (amputation)

chemo doesnt do anything

excellent prognosis with surgery done, MST 2 years

VETM 522 (30 decks)

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