Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > 151-200 > Flashcards

151-200 Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which of the following areas of toxicology focuses on the primarily on the medico legal aspects of the harmful effects of chemical in the human and animals
A. Environmental toxicology
B. Clinical toxicology
C. Forensic toxicology
D. Developmental toxicology
E. Reproductive toxicology

A

Forensic toxicology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A type of antagonism that occurs when two chemicals counterbalance each other by
producing opposite effect on the same
physiological function.
A. receptor antagonism
B. functional antagonism
C. chemical antagonism
D. dispositional antagonism
E. none of the above

A

Functional antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When a chemical A and B administered simultaneously, their combine effects are far greater than the sum of their effects when given alone. The chemical interaction between chemicals A and B can be described as which of the following?
A. Potentiative
B. Additive
C. Antagonistic
D. functionally antagonistic
E. synergistic

A

Additive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A type of antagonism that occurs when the absorption, biotransformation, distribution,
or excretion of chemical is altered so that the
concentration and duration at the target of
diminished.
A. receptor antagonism
B. functional antagonism
C. chemical antagonism
D. dispositional antagonism
E. none of the above

A

Dispositional antagonism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A type of dose response relationship which describe the response of an individual or organism to varying doses of chemical.
A. individual dose-response relationship
B. quantal dose-response relationship
C. graded dose-response relationship
D. both A and B
E. both A and C

A

individual dose-response relationship
graded dose-response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A type of dose response relationship which characterized the distribution of response to different doses in a population of individual organism.
A. individual dose-response relationship
B. quantal dose-response relationship
C. graded dose-response relationship
D. both A and B
E. both A and C

A

quantal dose-response relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A dose U- shaped dose response curved which result with some xenobiotics that imparts beneficial or stimulatory effects at low doses but adverse effects at higher doses.
A. hormesis
B. threshold
C. individual dose response curve
D. graded response curve
E. none of the above

A

hormesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is defined as the ratio of the dose required to produce a toxic effect and the dose need to illicit the desire therapeutic response
A. ED50
B. threshold
C. therapeutic index
D. LD50
E. none of the above

A

therapeutic index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Areas of toxicology that focuses on the impact of chemical pollutants in the environment on biological organism, specially studying the impacts of chemicals on nonhuman organism
A. forensic toxicology
B. clinical toxicology
C. developmental toxicology
D. reproductive toxicology
E. environmental toxicology

A

environmental toxicology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The dose required to result in a response in 50 percent of population.
A. median dose
B. ceiling dose
C. potency
D. LD50
E. ED50

A

median dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Place the following mechanism of toxin
delivery in order from most effective to least
effective.
1: intravenous
2:subcutaneous
3:oral
4: inhalation
5: dermal

A

1,4,2,3,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is the primary rout of exposure of benzene in industrial setting
A. inhalation
B. subcutaneous
C. oral
D. dermal
E. intravenous

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxic substance present in paints, lacquer, thinners, cleaning agent and glues.
A. benzene
B. ethanol
C. toluene
D. chloroform
E. carbon tetrachloride

A

toluene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

It is use primarily in the production of the
refrigerant chlorodifluoromethane.
A. toluene
B. carbon tetrachloride
C. ethanol
D. benzene
E. chloroform

A

chloroform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Metabolite of phosgene which damage membranes and other intracellular structures leading to necrosis and tumor formation.
A. tetrachloroethylene
B. phosgene
C. methylene chloride
D. ethylbenzene
E. none of the above

A

phosgene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enzyme catalyses oxidation of ethanol to
acetaldehyde
A. aldehyde dehydrogenase
B. catalase
C. alcohol dehydrogenase
D. both A and C
E. none of the above

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ingestion of these substance may cause visual disturbance ranging from mild photophobia and blurred vision to markedly reduced acuity and complete blindness
A. Ethanol
B. Chloroform
C. Ethylene glycol
D. Methanol
E. Carbon tetrachloride

A

Methanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following is NOT an important enzyme in ethanol metabolism?
A. Alcohol dehydrogenase
B. Formaldehyde decarboxylase
C. CYP2E1
D. Catalase
E. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Formaldehyde decarboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following statements
regarding benzene is false?
A. High level exposure to benzene could result in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
B. Gasoline vapour emissions and auto exhausted are the two main contributors to benzene inhalation.
C. Benzene is used as an ingredient in unleaded poisoning.
D. Benzene metabolites covalently bind DNA, RNA and protein and interfere with their normal functioning
E. Reactive oxygen species can be delivered from benzene

A

Reactive oxygen species can be delivered from benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with glycol ether toxicity?
A. Hematotoxicity
B. Craniofacial malformation
C. Seminiferous tubule atrophy
D. Irreversible spermatotoxicity
E. Cleft lip

A

Irreversible spermatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A major constituent of antifreeze, hydraulic fluids and drying agents.
A. Methanol
B. Glycol ethers
C. Propylene glycol
D. Ethylene glycol
E. Ethanol

Study These Flashcards
A

Ethylene glycol

22
Q

It is also known as quicksilver
A. Ag
B. Hg
C. Mg
D. Sb
E. As

23
Q

Contact dermatitis is the most common
adverse effect of which of the following
metals?
A. Nickel
B. Copper
C. Arsenic
D. Lead
E. Cadmium

24
Q

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal genetic disorder caused by which of the following metals?
A. Aluminium
B. Copper
C. Arsenic
D. Cadmium
E. Lead

25
Essential chemicals EXCEPT? A. Iron B. Copper C. Zinc D. Both A & B only E. All of the above
A. Iron B. Copper C. Zinc
26
Metals related to medicinal therapy A. Aluminium B. Lithium C. Platinum D. Both A & B only E. All of the above
(Both A and B only) A. Aluminium B. Lithium
27
The following pesticides are correctly matched EXCEPT: A. Rodenticides –rats B. Molluscides –snails C. Pediculocides – lice D. Fungicides –molds E. Ascaricies –insects
Ascaricies –insects
28
Insecticides first developed from the extracts from the flower heads of chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium A. DDT B. Rotenoids C. Pyrethrins D. Aldrin E. Endrin
Pyrethrins
29
Which of the following drugs may induce visual system abnormalities such as decreased vision, flickering scotomas and altered color vision. A. Digoxin B. Metoprolol C. Colchicine D. Rifampicin E. Lidocaine
Digoxin
30
A drug that is used to ameliorate nausea and vomiting in pregnancy but results to malformations of Amelia and various degree of phocomelia A. Diethylstilbestrol B. Thalidomine C. Ethanol D. Nicotine E. Retinoids
Thalidomine
31
The main target for lead toxicity especially in developing fetus and young children. A. Bone marrow B. Kidneys C. Gastrointestinal tract D. Reproductive organs E. Central nervous system
Central nervous system
32
Minamata Disease is caused by A. Lead B. Cadmium C. Mercury D. Silver E. arsenic
Mercury
33
In japan, Itai-itai disease is caused by consumption of rice contaminated by A. Lead B. Cadmium C. Mercury D. Silver E. Arsenic
Cadmium
34
Chronic exposure to this metal result to hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the palm and soles. A. Lead B. Cadmium C. Mercury D. Silver E. Arsenic
Arsenic
35
It is also known as dimercaprol A. Succimer B. Unithol C. Deferoxamine D. BAL E. Penicillamine
BAL
36
It is mixture of copper and arsenic salt that is used to control insects in 1800’s A. Bordeaux B. Rotenone C. DDT D. Paris green E. Pyrethrin
Paris green
37
A natural compound derived from Urginea maritime and is effective in controlling rodents. A. Pyretrin B. Red squill C. Paris Green D. Bordeaux mixture E. Rotenone
Red squill
38
It is the antidote for warfarin toxicity A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin E D. Pyridoxime E. Thiamine
Vitamin K
39
Toxins found in peanuts A. Saxitoxin B. Cigutoxin C. Scrombroid D. Aflatoxin E. Tetrodotoxin
Aflatoxin
40
Toxins found in several species of Alexandrium dinoflagellates A. Saxitoxin B. Cigutoxin C. Scrombroid D. Aflatoxin E. Tetrodotoxin
Saxitoxin
41
Toxin produced by puffer fish A. Saxitoxin B. Tetrodotoxin C. Scromboid D. Aflatoxin E. ciguatoxin
Tetrodotoxin
42
The most prevalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in cigarette smoke. A. scromboid B. Benzopyrene C. Ciguatoxin D. Anthracene E. Nicotine
Benzopyrene
43
This naturally occurring furan is produced by the mold Fusarium solani that infects sweet potatoes. A. Ciguatoxin B. Monocratolin C. Ipomeanol D. Anthracene E. Benzopyrene
Ipomeanol
44
Exposure to this vitamin can cause malformation of the face, limbs, heart, CNS and skeleton of the developing fetus. A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin K E. Vitamin B complex
Vitamin A
45
The following drugs and chemicals are associated with the development of aplastic anemia EXCEPT A. Tetracycline B. Chloramphenicol C. Carbamazepine D. Indomethacin E. Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide
46
Laboratory test used to monitor therapy with unfractionated heparin. A. aPTT B. Creatine kinase C. AST D. PT E. ALT
aPTT
47
Laboratory test used to monitor therapy with warfarin. A. Aptt B. Creatine kinase C. AST D. PT E. ALT
PT
48
The following are clotting factors inhibited by warfarin and its analogs EXCEPT A. III B. X C. IX D. VII E. II
III
49
Which of the following type of anemia is properly paired with its cause? A. Megaloblastic anemia- lead poisoning B. Aplastic anemia-ethanol C. Sideroblastic anemia-vitamin B12 deficiency D. Megaloblastic anemia-folate supplementation E. Iron deficiency anemia-blood loss
Iron deficiency anemia-blood loss
50
The inability to synthesize the porphyrin ring of hemoglobin will most likely result in which of the following? A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Inability to synthesize thymidine, C. Improper RBC mitosis D. Bone marrow hyperplasia E. Accumulation of iron within erythroblast
Accumulation of iron within erythroblast

Pharmacology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions