15.1 fundamentals

Question 1

what is the two classifications of energy

Answer 1

• potential
• kinetic

Question 2

what is potential energy defined as

Answer 2

being energy at rest, or energy that is stored

Question 3

what is kinetic energy defined as

Answer 3

being energy in motion

Question 4

what are newtons three laws of motion

Answer 4

first law - law of inertia
second law - F = M x A
third law - the law of action and reaction

Question 5

what is the measuring unit for force

Answer 5

pounds (lbs)

Question 6

what is the thrust if the engine expressed in

Answer 6

pounds

Question 7

what is the formula to calculate work

Answer 7

Work = force x distance

Question 8

what is the calculation for power

Answer 8

Power = force x distance / time
Power = work / time

Question 9

what is acceleration defined as

Answer 9

the rate of change of velocity

Question 10

what does speed refer to

Answer 10

how fast an object is moving

Question 11

what does velocity describe

Answer 11

the speed of an object and the direction it is moving

Question 12

what is the formula for kinetic energy

Answer 12

kinetic energy = 1/2 x Mass x Velocity

Question 13

what is the brayton cycle the name given to

Answer 13

the thermodynamic cycle of a gas turbine engine that produces thrust

Question 14

what is the variable-volume constant pressure more commonly know as

Answer 14

continuous combustion cycle

Question 15

what are the four stage of the continuous combustion cycle

Answer 15

1. intake (suck)
2. compression (squeeze)
3. expansion (bang)
4. exhaust (blow)

Question 16

what are the four ideal changes of state

Answer 16

• isobaric
• isochoric
• isothermal
• isentropic

Question 17

what two of the ideal change of state are of importance for aircraft gas turbine

Answer 17

• isobaric
• isentropic

Question 18

what does isothermal refer to

Answer 18

constant temperature

Question 19

in the brayton cycle what is the process from 2 to 3

Answer 19

isobaric heating (combustion process)

Question 20

what are the two different types of aircraft engines

Answer 20

• piston type engine
• gas turbine engine

Question 21

what are the four types of gas turbine engine used on aircraft

Answer 21

• turbojet
• turbofan
• turboprop
• turboshaft.

Question 22

what are the advantages of turbojet engines

Answer 22

• relatively simple design
• capable of very high speeds
  -takes up little space

Question 23

how much thrust does a turbofan engine produce

Answer 23

80% of the thrust from the engine

Question 24

turbo-fan engines are manufacture with either what configurations of spool(s)

Answer 24

twin spool and three spool

Question 25

what does a 3 spool engine consist of

Answer 25

an HP spool, a IP spool and a LP spool

Question 26

what are the disadvantages of turbo-fan engine

Answer 26

- heavier than turbo jet - larger frontal area - inefficient at very high altitudes

Question 27

what is the primary difference between the turboprop and the turbojet

Answer 27

the additional turbines, a power shaft, and a reduction gear box

Question 28

what are the advantages of turboshaft engine

Answer 28

- much higher power-to-weight ratio - typically, smaller than turboprop

Question 29

what is the formula for kinetic energy

Answer 29

1/2 X Mass X Velocity

Question 30

what is the Si unit for power

Answer 30

Watt (W)

Question 31

in the construction of engines what does the ''cold section'' refer to

Answer 31

to the parts of the engine from the inlets up through the compressors and/or diffusers.