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Module 15 Richard > 15.1 Fundamentals > Flashcards

15.1 Fundamentals Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity on average on earth

A

9.81 m/s squared

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2
Q

What is force measured in

A

Newtons

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3
Q

What is the formula for weight

A

Mass X acceleration due to gravity

Units: Newtons

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4
Q

What is the formula for force

A

Mass X acceleration

Units: Newtons

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5
Q

What is work done

A

Work = Force X distance

Units: NM

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6
Q

What is power

A

Power = Work/Time

Units: W or watts

1 watt = 1NM/s

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7
Q

What’s the definition of potential energy

A

Potential energy is the energy a body has by virtue of its position

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8
Q

What two sub categories can mechanical energy be divided in to

A
  • Potential Energy (PE)

- Kinetic Energy (KE)

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9
Q

What is the definition on Kinetic Energy

A

Kinetic Energy is the energy a body has by the virtue of its motion

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10
Q

What is Newton’s first law

A

The law of inertia

A body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion continues to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force

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11
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A

Newton’s second law of motion

FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION

The acceleration produced in a mass by a force acting on it is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass

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12
Q

What is Newton’s third law

A

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

(This is the turbojet. The action is the exhaust gas rapidly leaves the engine. Reaction is the thrust force propelling the aircraft forward.)

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13
Q

What 3 steps must take place according to the Brayton cycle

A
  1. The pressure energy is increased
  2. Addition of heat energy
  3. Final conversion back into Kinetic energy in the form of a high velocity jet efflux
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14
Q

What does a gas turbine engine use as a working fluid to provide thrust

A

Air

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15
Q

What 3 things must be done in order to increase the velocity of the air to produce thrust

A
  1. Pressure is increased
  2. Addition of Heat Energy
  3. Final conversion back to Kinetic energy in the form of a high velocity jet efflux
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16
Q

What is Heating at a constant pressure or isobaric heating

A

As the combustion chamber is not an enclosed space the pressure of the air does not rise during combustion. Volume does increase

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17
Q

What are the 4 cycles of the gas turbine engine

A
  • Induction
  • Compression
  • Combustion
  • Exhaust
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18
Q

What happens continuously on a gas turbine engine that only happens intermittently on a piston engines

A

The working cycle i.e. Induction, compression, combustion, exhaust

On a piston engine only one piston (stroke) is producing power

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19
Q

In addition to thrust what 3 other things does an engine produce

Study These Flashcards
A

Hydraulic power, Electric Power and bleed air for the pneumatic system

20
Q

What are the two different types of aircraft engine

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Piston engine

- Gas turbine engine

21
Q

What is the main advantage of piston engines

Study These Flashcards
A

Good fuel efficiency

22
Q

What are the two main disadvantages of piston engines

Study These Flashcards
A

High weight to power ratio

Performance loss in high altitudes

23
Q

What are the 4 types of gas turbine engines

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Turbojet
  • Turbofan
  • Turboprop
  • APU
24
Q

What is the most fuel efficient type of engine

Study These Flashcards
A

Piston engine

25
An engine which uses jet propulsion is called what
A reaction engine
26
What must be done to air to accelerate it
The pressure must be increased
27
When did making gas turbine engines take a while to put into practice after the technology was around
They were only possible to produce when sufficient heat resistant materials were produced for continuous combustion
28
What is required to reduce the high gas turbine engine rotation to speeds that can be managed by the propeller
A reduction gear
29
What engine combines the advantages of the turbojet and turboprop engine
The turbofan
30
How many spools do turbofan engines usually have
2 or 3
31
What are the advantage of open rotor engines and propfans
Use up to 20% less fuel than turbofans and can have a bypass ratio of 90:1
32
What are open rota or propfan engines not commonly used on commercial aircraft even though they have more advantages than turbofan engines
They are very difficult to mount which makes them uncommon on modern jet aircraft
33
What are the two different types of engine design known as
- Modular | - Non modular
34
What was the biggest advantage and disadvantage of non modular engines
Advantage - saved weight, worked well Disadvantage - design was complicated and parts were hard to access. Parts were usually designed for that engine specifically
35
Non modular engine construction is usually only found on what type of engines
Older engines and APU
36
What must the modules of a modular engine be before they are fitted together
They must be fully assembled and balanced
37
What is the purpose of ceramic coatings
They serve as heat and corrosion protection
38
Where are steel alloys used in engines
N1 drive shaft, the engine bearings and main structural frames
39
Where are ceramic coatings used on engines
The combustor and high pressure turbine
40
Where is aluminium alloy normally used on the engine
Gearbox housings, fan stator casings and other low loaded parts
41
Why are cobalt alloys normally used
They are highly heat resistant
42
Where are cobalt based alloys used
Stator of the first stage of the high pressure turbine
43
Why are titanium based alloys used
They are very strong and and half as heavy as steel
44
What is the main disadvantage and advantage of titanium alloys
They can withstand high centrifugal force but are very expensive
45
Where are titanium alloys normally used on the engine
The fan, the low pressure compressor, and the front stages of the high pressure compressor
46
What is the advantage of Nikel based alloys
They can withstand high centrifugal loads and high temperatures
47
Where are nikel based alloys used
High pressure compressor, the combustion section, the high and low pressure turbines

Module 15 Richard (18 decks)

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