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PMLS > PMLS Lab Quiz > Flashcards

PMLS Lab Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

INFECTION CONTROL

A

• Nosocomial infection
• Community-acquired infection

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2
Q

• Healthcare-associated
• Hospital-acquired

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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3
Q

• Develops 48 hours after admission or within
30 days after discharge from a hospital or health care facility

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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4
Q

Infection picked up prior to admission

A

Community-Acquired Infection

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5
Q

Infection occurs before 48 hours after admission

A

Community-Acquired Infection

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6
Q

• Capable of spreading from person to person

A

Communicable disease

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7
Q

Types of Infection

A

Local
Systemic
Autogenous

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8
Q

Infection restricted to one area of body

A

Local

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9
Q

Infection that affects entire body

A

Systemic

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10
Q

Infection from patientʼs own flora

A

Autogenous

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11
Q

Source (Chain of infection)

A

People
Equipment
Water

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12
Q

Portal of exit (Chain of infection)

A

Excretions
Secretions
Droplets

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13
Q

Means of transmission (chain of infection)

A

Direct Contact
Ingestion
Fomites
Air

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14
Q

Portal of entry (chain of infection)

A

mucous membrane
gastrointestinal tract
respiratory tract
broken skin

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15
Q

susceptible host (chain of infection)

A

immunosuppressed patient
diabetic patient
burn patient

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16
Q

Means of Transmission of Infection

A

• Contact
• Direct and indirect
• Droplet
• Vehicle
• Airborne
• Vector-borne

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17
Q

must be worn for contact with all body fluids whether blood is visible or not.

A

Personal protective equipment

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18
Q

Assumes that all blood and most body fluids

A

potentially infectious.

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19
Q

Standard precautions

A
  1. Hand hygiene
  2. Use of Personal Protective Equipment
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20
Q

Types of Body Fluids

A

• Amniotic
• Peritoneal
• Pericardial
• Synovial
• Pleural
• Edematous
• Seminal
• Cerebrospinal

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21
Q

Five Points of Standard Precautions

A

• Wash hands
• Wear gloves
• Wear protective covering
•Wear a mask and eye protection when appropriate
• Use designated sharps containers

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22
Q

Tactics to Reduce Risk of Exposure to Blood- borne Pathogens

A

• Engineering controls
• Work practices
• Housekeeping
• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination • Private rooms
• Personal protective equipment

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23
Q

Physical and mechanical devices available to the health care associate to reduce or eliminate the potential to transfer infectious diseases

A

Engineering Controls

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24
Q

Types of Engineering Controls

A

• Sharps containers
• Transport bags and containers
• Self-sheathing needles and holders

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25
Q

Work Practice Controls

A

• Handwashing
• Antiseptic technique
• Proper disposal of sharps
• Avoiding eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, or applying cosmetics or lip balm in work areas
• Storing food and drink separate from infectious materials

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26
Q

• Clean up spills
• Decontaminate soiled areas immediately with a disinfectant such as 10 percent bleach made up fresh daily
• Avoid picking up broken glass with hands

A

Housekeeping

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27
Q

• Must be available free of charge to phlebotomist • Effective for more than 15 years in protecting the phlebotomist from contracting the disease or becoming a carrier
• Does not protect the phlebotomist from all types of hepatitis, only hepatitis B

A

Hepatitis B Vaccination

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28
Q

Reduce possibility of transmission of infection by separating patient with disease from other patients and health care associates

A

Private Rooms

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29
Q

Personal Protective Equipment

A

• Masks
• Goggles
• Face shields
• Gowns
• Gloves

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30
Q

Infectious agent (breaking the chain)

A

bacteria
fungi
parasites
viruses

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31
Q

reservoir (breaking the chain)

A

humans
animals
insects
fomites
blood/body fluids

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32
Q

portal of exit (breaking the chain)

A

nose
mouth
mucous membrane
specimen collection

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33
Q

portal of exit (breaking the chain)

A

nose
mouth
mucous membranes
speciment collection

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34
Q

means of transmission

A

• Droplet
• Airborne
• Contact
• Vector
• Vehicle

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35
Q

portal of entry

A

• Nose
• Mouth
* Mucous membranes
• Skin
• Unsterile equipment

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36
Q

susceptible host

A

Susceptible host
• Patients
・Elderty
* Newborns
• Immuno-
compromised
• Heath-care workers

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37
Q

Category-Specific Isolation

A

• Strict
• Contact
• Respiratory
• Tuberculosis
• Drainage/Secretion
• Enteric
• Protective or Reverse

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38
Q

Disease-Specific Isolation

A

• Strict
• Contact
• Respiratory
• Tuberculosis
• Enteric
• Drainage
• Blood and body fluid

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39
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

• Airborne
• Droplet
• Contact

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40
Q

Meaning of OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards

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41
Q

• Agency of the federal government
• Investigates the possibility of unsafe practices in the work environment
• Develop and promote standards for all occupations
• Develop and issue regulations

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards

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42
Q

Biohazard labels

A

must be fluorescent orange or orange red with lettering or symbols in a contrasting color.

43
Q

Health care associate must wear _______ when working with any potentially infectious material

A

gloves and protective clothing

44
Q

Information that must be on file to indicate hazards of chemicals used in laboratory
• Does not need to be a paper file
• Most healthcare facilities have these as Internet- assessable forms

A

Material Safety Data Sheets

45
Q

Fire extinguishers

A

• Class A
• Class B
• Class C
• Class D
• ABC type

46
Q

PASS MEANING

A

Pull pin
Aim Nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Sweep Nozzle

47
Q

RACE meaning

A

R = Rescue individuals in danger.
A = Alarm: activate the fire alarm.
C = Confine the fire by closing all doors and windows.
E = Extinguish the fire with the nearest suitable fire extinguisher.

48
Q

Chemicals that produce a toxic or irritant vapor must be used only in an approved chemical hood.

A

Chemical Safety

49
Q

should be worn if there’s a danger of splashing.

A

chemical-resistant apron and face shield

50
Q

Monitoring devices for exposure may include a. to detect exposure to radioactivity.

A

badge

51
Q

Phlebotomist may need to be shielded with a (radiation exposure)

A

special apron or cover gown

52
Q

Most common electrical equipment a phlebotomist uses are

A

centrifuge

53
Q

must be tested for safety and proper operation.

A

equipment

54
Q

Other electrical equipment includes

A

computers, fans, and space heaters.

55
Q

Physical Hazard

A

• Avoid running in rooms and always
• Watch for wet floors
• Bend knees when lifting heavy objects • Keep long hair pulled back
• Avoid dangling jewelry
• Maintain clean, organized work area
• Wear closed toe shoes

56
Q

• Growing concern in healthcare
• Allergic reactions to latex

A

Latex Allergy

57
Q

Irritant contact dermatitis resulting in skin irritation

A

Type IV latex allergy

58
Q

-More serious
-Immunologic reaction up to anaphylactic shock

A

Type I latex allergy

59
Q

Disposal of Infectious Materials
Must be by:

A

• Incineration
• Chemical treatment • Autoclave

60
Q

Ordinary combustible: paper, cloth, rubbish, plastic, wood

Water, dry chemical, loaded steam

A

Fire type A

61
Q

Flammable liquids: grease, gasoline, paints, oils

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon foam

A

Fire type B

62
Q

Electrical equipment and motor switches

Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon

A

Fire type C

63
Q

Flammable metals: mercury, magnesium, sodium, lithium

Metal X, sand, dry powder; fought by fire fighters only

A

Fire type D

64
Q

Detonation (arsenal fires)

Allowed to burn and nearby materials protected

A

Fire type E

65
Q

Cooking media: grease, oils, fats

Liquid designed to prevent splashing and cool the fire

A

K

66
Q

fires should be handled only by trained personnel

A

Class D and E

67
Q

are the most common all-purpose extinguishers

A

Dry chemical extinguishers

68
Q

• “Causative agent”
• Agent responsible for causing an infection

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT

69
Q

• “source of infectious agent”
• Place where agents can survive, grow or
multiply
• Could be humans, animals, food, water, soil
or contaminated equipment

A

RESERVOIR

70
Q

• way for the agent to leave reservoir

A

EXIT PATHWAY

71
Q

Most common means of transmission

A

Contact Transmission

72
Q

physical transfer of infective material

A

Direct

73
Q

transfer of infective material via an
object

A

Indirect

74
Q

❑ dispersal of infectious agents that can remain infective for long
periods of time
❑ Can be inhaled
❑ Pathogen containing particles
✓ sneezing , coughing, talking and aerosol producing
activiies
❑ Microbes that float through air

A

Airborne Transmission

75
Q

❑ Transfer of infectious agent to the mucous membranes
✓ Mouth , nose , conjunctiva of eyes
❑ Travels less than 10 ft
❑ Does not remain suspended in the air

A

Droplet Transmission

76
Q

Transfer through infectious agent such as:
✓ Insect, arthropod, or animal

A

Vector Transmission

77
Q

Transfer through infectious agent such as:
✓ Contaminated food
✓ Water
✓ Drugs

A

Vehicle Transmission

78
Q

• Way for an infectious agent to enter
susceptible host
• Includes body orifices (openings)
• Invasive procedures may also be a risk

A

ENTRY PATHWAY

79
Q

• Decreased ability to resist infection
• Risk factors:
✓ Age
✓ Health
✓ Immune status

A

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

80
Q

helps in breaking chain of infection

A

ISOLATION TECHNIQUES

81
Q

what are the isolation techniques

A
  1. Category - Specific Isolation
    ✓ determined disease of patient
  2. Disease - Specific Isolation
  3. Transmission – Based precautions
    ✓ diagnosed with or suspected of transmissible disease
82
Q

Contagious dse. such as chickenpox, diphtheria, or pneumonia

A

strict isolation

83
Q

Diseases transmittable by direct contact

A

contact isolation

84
Q

✓ Disease transmitted through air
✓ Mask must be worn upon entering the room

A

respiratory isolation

85
Q

✓ Patient with tuberculosis
✓ Techniques are of similar in respiratory isolation

A

Tuberculosis Isolation

86
Q

✓ “ Wound and Skin Precautions”
✓ Oozes from the wound contains infection
✓ Absorbed fluids and any fluid touched provide potential transmission of infection

A

drainage/secretion precautions

87
Q

✓ Patients with severe diarrhea due to contagious bacteria
✓ Transmitted through contact of infected px’s stool

A

Enteric Precautions

88
Q

✓ Protects patient from health care worker

A

Protective or Reverse Isolation

89
Q

the fluid that surrounds your baby during pregnancy

A

amniotic

90
Q

the fluid in the peritoneal cavity, a space between the wall of the abdomen and the organs inside.

A

peritoneal fluid

91
Q

the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart.

A

pericardial fluid

92
Q

viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints

A

synovial fluid

93
Q

lubricate the surfaces of the pleura. This is the thin tissue that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs.

A

pleural

94
Q

occurs when tiny blood vessels in the body, also known as capillaries, leak fluid. T

A

edematous

95
Q

Fluid from the prostate and other sex glands that helps transport sperm out of the man’s body during orgasm

A

Seminal

96
Q

a clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows in and around your brain and spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

97
Q

All procedures involving blood or potentially infectious materials are to be performed to minimize splashing, splattering, or generation of droplets

A

Laboratory Techniques

98
Q

non infected waste color

A

black

99
Q

contaminated waste (recyclable)

A

red

100
Q

anatomical waste color

A

yellow

101
Q

sharp waste (recyclable)

A

blue

102
Q

sharp waste (needles,broken glass, sharp parts

A

white

103
Q

Determine level of compliance with health and safety regulations

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards

104
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

A

Level fines for noncompliance with health and safety regulations

PMLS (10 decks)

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