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PMLS > Phlebotomy > Flashcards

Phlebotomy Flashcards

1
Q

a device that is applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to restrict blood flow

A

Tourniquet

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2
Q

elastic strap, a heavier Velcro strap, or a blood pressure cuff

A

Tourniquet

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3
Q

Tourniquet is applied ___ to ___ inches above the venipuncture site left for no longer than _____

A

3 to 4 inches, no longer than 1 minute

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4
Q

sterile, disposable, and designed for a single use only

A

needles

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5
Q

example of needles

A

multisample needles, hypodermic needles and winged infusion (butterfly) needles

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6
Q

what is the length of needles

A

1- or 15- in length

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7
Q

most common needle size for adult venipuncture

A

21 gauge with a length of 1 inch

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8
Q

it provides better control during venipuncture

A

needles

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9
Q

Ready for use

A

top

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10
Q

Safety system engaged

A

Bottom

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11
Q

Will see “______” of blood in _____ when needle enters vein

A

flash, needle hub

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12
Q

needles used for venipuncture

A

22-, 21-, and 20-gauge

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13
Q

used for small veins and for pediatric patients

A

22-gauge needle

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14
Q

can be used in combination with a butterfly collection set

A

23-gauge needle

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15
Q

used for intermuscular injections

A

25-gauge

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16
Q

needle used for administration of a purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculosis skin test

A

27-gauge

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17
Q

27-gauge needle used for administration of a

A

purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculosis skin test

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18
Q

needles used for the IV infusion of fluids or blood products or removal of blood during donor process

A

18- and 16-gauge

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19
Q

Collection of donor units, autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotomy.

A

15-17 , Special needle attached to collection bag

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20
Q

Used primarily as a transfer needle rather than for blood collection; safety issues have diminished use.

A

18, Hypodermic

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21
Q

Sometimes used when large-volume tubes are collected or large-volume syringes are used on patients with normal-size veins.

A

20, Multisample Hypodermic

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22
Q

Considered the standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection.

A

21, Multisample Hypodermic

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23
Q

Used on older children and adult patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins.

A

22, Multisample Hypodermic

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24
Q

Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults.

A

23, butterfly

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25
Q

gauge number of a needle is inversely related to the bore size:

A

the smaller the gauge number, the largerthe bore

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26
Q

most frequently used method for performing venipuncture

A

Evacuated System

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27
Q

Uses double-pointed needle

A

Evacuated System

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28
Q

angle of insertion

A

15 degrees

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29
Q

for small, difficult veins

A

Butterfly Collection System

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30
Q

Tubes are different sizes and contain different types of anticoagulant

A

Evacuated System Collection Tubes

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31
Q

Tubes can contain _____ to separate cells from serum or plasma

A

thixotropic gel

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32
Q

of separator gel tube causes gel to form interface between cells and serum or plasma

A

Centrifugation

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33
Q

prevent clotting

A

anticoagulant

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34
Q

maintain the shelf life of the donated blood products

A

additive solutions

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35
Q

substances that prevent blood from clotting (coagulating)

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

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36
Q

it is unavailable to the coagulation process or by inhibiting the formation of thrombin needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin in the coagulation process

A

chelating (binding) or precipitating calcium

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37
Q

anticoagulant of choice for hematology cell counts and cell morphology

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

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38
Q

Lavender (purple)-top tubes

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

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39
Q

plastic, spray-dried EDTA

A

K2EDTA

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40
Q

glass, liquid form removes ionized calcium (Ca2+) through a process referred to as chelation

A

K3EDTA

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41
Q

glass, liquid form removes ionized calcium (Ca2+) through a process referred to as

A

chelation

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42
Q

Excess EDTA, which results when tubes are underfilled, can cause RBCs to shrink and thus change CBC results

A

microhematocrit

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43
Q

spray-dried color

A

pink tube top

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44
Q

K2EDTA TESTS

A

immunohematology (ABO grouping, Rh typing, and antibody screening)

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45
Q

EDTA and gel; molecular diagnostic testing of plasma.

A

White-top tubes

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46
Q

For coagulation testing (aPTT & PT testing)

A

Citrates

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47
Q

light blue-top tube

A

Citrate

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48
Q

containing 0.105 M or 0.129 M (3.2% or 3.8%, respectively)

A

Citrate

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49
Q

Citrate contain a ____ ratio of blood to anticoagulant

A

9:1

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50
Q

precipitating calcium into an unusable form

A

Citrate

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51
Q

can activate platelets and shorten clotting times.

A

Vigorous mixing or an excessive number of inversions

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52
Q

Black-top tubes & buffered sodium citrate, ratio of blood to anticoagulant is and its for

A

4:1 for Westergren sedimentation rates

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53
Q

used as an in vitro and in vivo anticoagulant

A

Heparin

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54
Q

green-top tubes

A

heparin

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55
Q

heparin prevents clotting by inhibiting

A

thrombin formation

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56
Q

lithium heparin (LiHep) and sodium heparin (NaHep)

A

heparin

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57
Q

used to coat capillary blood collection tubes.

A

heparin

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58
Q

an inappropriate anticoagulant for many hematology tests, including Wright-stained blood smears.

A

heparin

59
Q

Lithium heparin- most chemistry tests except for

A

lithium and folate levels

60
Q

heparin is an inappropriate anticoagulant for many hematology tests, including

A

Wright-stained blood smears

61
Q

recommended for trace elements, leads, and toxicology but not for SODIUM assays

A

sodium heparin

62
Q

Sodium heparin- recommended for trace elements, leads, and toxicology but not for

A

SODIUM assays

63
Q

the injectable form used for anticoagulant therapy

A

heparin

64
Q

is preferred over serum for potassium tests because when blood clots, potassium is released from cells into the serum and can falsely elevate results.

A

Heparinized plasma

65
Q

w

A
66
Q

Three varieties: No anticoagulant and produces a clot sample; the other two have sodium heparin or disodium EDTA as an anticoagulant.

A

Royal blue-stoppered tubes

67
Q

Royal blue-stoppered tubes three varieties

A

No anticoagulant and produces a clot sample; the other two have sodium heparin or disodium EDTA as an anticoagulant.

68
Q

does not contain citrate is used for collecting blood culture samples

A

Yellow-stoppered tube

69
Q

Yellow-stoppered tube contains

A

additive sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

70
Q

Main function of the SPS tube sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

A

is to allow bacteria to grow so they can be cultured

71
Q

used for glucose measurements

A

Sodium fluoride

72
Q

Gray-top tubes

A

Sodium fluoride

73
Q

Sodium fluoride prevents glycolysis for

A

3 days

74
Q

Sodium fluoride anticoagulant:

A

Potassium Oxalate

75
Q

occurs faster in newborns because their metabolism is increased, and in patients with leukemia because of high metabolic activity of WBCs.

A

Glycolysis

76
Q

substance that enhances coagulation in tubes used to collect serum specimens

A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

77
Q

glass (silica) particles and inert clays like Celite

A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

78
Q

are the clot activators in serum- separator tubes (SSTs) and plastic red-top tubes.

A

Silica particles

79
Q

used for most chemistry, blood bank, and immunology assays

A

CLOT ACTIVATORS

80
Q

an inert material that undergoes a temporary change in viscosity during the centrifugation process

A

THIXOTROPIC GEL SEPARATOR

81
Q

this enables it to serve as a separation barrier between the liquid (serum or plasma) and cells.

A

THIXOTROPIC GEL SEPARATOR

82
Q

Order of Draw

A

1.Sterile tube (blood culture)
2. Blue-top coagulation tube
3. Serum tube with or without clot activator, with or without gel
4. Heparin tube with or with or gel plasma separator
5. EDTA tube
6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube

83
Q

used to puncture finger or heel

A

Lancets

84
Q

used to collect small blood samples

A

Microcollection tubes

85
Q

The United States and many other countries require that newborns receive/Components vary from state to state

A

Neonatal Screening for metabolic disorders.

86
Q

to hold all equipment necessary for proper sample collection

A

sample collection tray or cart

87
Q

Will be taken to patient’s room so phlebotomist is prepared for whatever procedure is performed

A

Sample Collection Trays or Carts

88
Q

Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies

A

• Gauze pads/cotton balls
• Bandages
• Needle and sharps disposal containers • Slides
• Pen
• Watch

89
Q

Routine Venipuncture Equipment

A

• Phlebotomy collection tray
• Evacuated tube system holders
• Syringes
• Winged blood collection sets
• Needles
• Needle disposal sharps containers
• Evacuated collection tubes
• Transfer devices
• Tourniquets
• Gloves
• 70 percent isopropyl alcohol, iodine
swabs, chlorhexidine gluconate swabs
• 2 X 2-inch gauze pads
• Bandages
• Slides
• Antimicrobial hand gel
• Marking pen

• • • • • - -
Blood-drawing station
Phlebotomy chairs
Handheld Carriers / Phlebotomy Carts
Gloves and glove liners Antiseptics
70% isopropyl alcohol
70% isopropyl alcohol + 1%-10% povidone-iodine pads, tincture of iodine, chlorhexidine

90
Q

ANTISEPTICS USED IN BLOOD COLLECTION

A

• 70% Ethyl alcohol
• 70% Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
• Benzalkonium chloride (e.g., Zephiran chloride) • Chlorhexidine gluconate
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Povidone-iodine (0.1%-1% available iodine)
• Tincture of iodine

91
Q

These are used prevent or inhibit the growth and development of microorganisms in the blood and considered safe to use on human skin and are used to clean the site prior to blood collection.

A

Antiseptic

92
Q

It only reduces the number of microorganism on the surface of the skin and not sterilize the skin.

A

antiseptic

93
Q

These are handheld which makes blood collection portable and can be done anywhere. However, it is only ideal when catering a few patients. It contains: plaster, antiseptics such as alcohol, container for sharp disposal, tubes, and more.

A

Phlebotomy Tray

94
Q

Only ideal when catering a big number of patient; usually used by hospitals. It could be a source of infection since it is carried throughout the hospital. Thus ideally, should not be brought inside the patient’s
room to avoid any nosocomial infection

A

Phlebotomy Carts

95
Q

dedicated area inside a clinical laboratory that is solely used for blood collection to patients who can visit the laboratory.

A

blood drawing station

96
Q

It should be comfortable for the patient, here should be an adjustable arm rest with a lock to secure and hold the patient while making sure they are comfortable enough.

A

Phlebotomy Chair

97
Q

These are chemical substances or solutions used to remove or kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments.

A

DISINFECTANTS

98
Q

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be used for routine decontamination of hands as a substitute for hand washing, only when there is no visible contamination such as blood

A

HAND SANITIZERS

99
Q

These are used to hold
pressure over the site following
blood collection procedure.

A

GAUZE PADS OR COTTON BALLS

100
Q

These are used to cover a blood collection site after the bleeding has stopped; can also use paper, cloth, or knitted tape over folded gauze.

A

BANDAGES

101
Q

The containers are very important wherein the sharps used during the venipuncture are disposed here.

A

NEEDLE AND SHARPS DISPOSAL CONTAINER

102
Q

These containers should be:

A

• rigid
• puncture-resistance • leakproof
• disposable

103
Q

These are leakproof plastic bags and used to transport blood and other specimens from the collection site to the laboratory. There are outside pockets for request forms.

A

BIOHAZARD BAGS

104
Q

to restrict blood flow

A

Tourniquet

105
Q

restriction of blood flow can

A

change blood components

106
Q

types of needles

A

multi-sample
• hypodermic (syringe)
• winged infusion set (butterfly)

107
Q

Needles used for phlebotomy include:

A

sterile and disposable
o designed for a single use only

108
Q

butterfly needles inch long

A

1⁄2 to 3⁄4

109
Q

end that pierces the vein
allows the needle to easily slip into the skin and vein without coring (removing a portion of the skin or vein

A

Bevel

110
Q

the long cylindrical portion

A

Shaft

111
Q

end that attaches to the blood collection device

A

Hub

112
Q

internal space of the needle

A

Lumen

113
Q

to lock and twist into the vacutainer

A

Threaded Hub

114
Q

Is the diameter of the lumen; t

A

gauge

115
Q

length commonly used for
venipuncture

A

1 or 1.5 inch

116
Q

provide immediate permanent containment and be activated using one hand, which must stay behind the needle at all times

A

Safety Feature

117
Q

shields that cover the needle after use and are devices that retract the needle after use

A

Resheathing Devices

118
Q

are preferred by the CLSI for collecting blood samples. It is closed system which the patient’s blood flows through a needle inserted into a vein and then directly into a collection tube without being exposed to the air or outside contaminants.

A

EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM

119
Q

allows numerous tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture

A

ETS

120
Q

The three basic components of ETS are:

A

• a special blood-drawing needle
• a tube holder
• various types of evacuated tubes

121
Q

allows multiple tubes of blood to be collected during
a single venipuncture
• threaded in the middle, beveled point on each end

A

Multi-sample Needle

122
Q

a clear, plastic, disposable cylinder with a small
threaded opening at one end, hub

A

Tube Holders

123
Q

The tubes contain

A

vacuum

124
Q

an alternative for patients with small or difficult veins.

A

syringe system

125
Q

Syringe Needles
• generally gauges

A

21 – 23 in 1 or 1.5 inch length

126
Q

It is an indispensable tool for collecting blood from small or difficult veins such as hand veins and veins of elderly and pediatric patients.

A

WINGED INFUSION SET

127
Q

winged infusion set size

A

1⁄2 to 3⁄4 inch stainless steel needle is permanently connected to a 5 to 12 inch length

128
Q

It is a complete system for blood collection in which the blood collection tube and collection apparatus are combined in a single unit.

A

COMBINATION SYSTEMS

129
Q

available in liquid, spray-dried, and powder forms

A

additives

130
Q

antiglycolytic agents

A

sodium fluoride

131
Q

clot activators

A

o silica
o celite – POCT coagulation
o thrombin

132
Q

substances that prevent blood from clotting

A

ANTICOAGULANTS

133
Q

ANTICOAGULANTS

A

chelating (binding) or precipitating calcium o inhibiting the formation of thrombi

134
Q

• powdered di-potassium (K2) or liquid tri-potassium (K3)
• preserves cell morphology
• chelates calcium
• lavender (purple) – top tubes
• micro collection containers with lavender tops
• pink plastic-top tubes with a special blood banking
patient ID label
• pearl-top tubes with thixotropic gel separator

A

EDTA

135
Q

• prevents coagulation by binding or chelates calcium • preserves coagulation factors
• most common is sodium citrate

A

CITRATES

136
Q

contains 9:1 ration of blood to anticoagulant o filled to the stated volume and must be filled
within 90% of that volume

A

light blue stopper

137
Q

inhibit thrombin formation

A

heparin

138
Q

HEPARIN is used fkr

A

some chemistry tests, especially STAT test

139
Q

• prevent coagulation by precipitating calcium
• potassium oxalate (most used)
• gray stoppers

A

oxalates

140
Q

SPECIAL ADDITIVES

A

Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD)

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD)

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)

141
Q

immunohematology, paternity tests, transplant
compatibility

A

Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD)

142
Q

• for blood transfusion
• phosphate stabilizes Ph

A

Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD)

143
Q

for blood culture
• reduces the action of a protein called complement • slows down phagocytosis
• reduces the activity of certain antibiotics

A

Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS)

144
Q

Order of draw

A
  1. Sterile Tube
  2. Blue-top Coagulation Tube
  3. Serum Tube with our without clot activator, or with
    or without gel
  4. Heparin Tube with or without gel plasma separator
  5. EDTA tube
  6. Glycolytic inhibitor tube

PMLS (10 decks)

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