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chemistry > Organic II > Flashcards

Organic II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

organic molecule, contains an -O-H functional group (hydroxyl)

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2
Q

Molecular formula for ethanol?

A

C₂H₆O

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3
Q

Molecular formula for methanol?

A

CH₄O

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4
Q

Molecular formula for propanol?

A

C₃H₈O

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5
Q

Molecular formula for butanol?

A

C₄H₁₀O

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6
Q

What is an isomer of propan-1-ol?

A

Propan-2-ol

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7
Q

What methods can be used to manufacture ethanol?

A

Hydration of ethene
fermentation of glucose

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8
Q

Write the chemical equation for the hydration of ethene

A

C₂H₄ + H₂O -> C₂H₅OH

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9
Q

Write the chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂

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10
Q

What conditions are needed for the hydration of ethene?

A

300ºC
65 atm pressure
phosphoric acid catalyst

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11
Q

What conditions are needed for the fermentation of glucose?

A

30ºC
yeast
anaerobic

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12
Q

What are the advantages for hydration of ethene?

A

One product produced (ethanol)
continuous process

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages for hydration of ethene?

A

requires lots of energy
non renewable raw material

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14
Q

What are the advantages for the fermentation of glucose?

A

renewable raw material
not energy intensive

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages for the fermentation of glucose?

A

impure ethanol (produces CO₂ aswel)
batch process

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16
Q

What common name is given to a solution of ethanoic acid?

A

vinegar

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17
Q

What can ethanol turn into?

A

ethanoic acid

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18
Q

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol

A

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ -> 2CO₂ + H₂O

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19
Q

Why is a blue flame needed for the complete combustion of ethanol?

A

alcohols contain oxygen therefore more complete combustion

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20
Q

What methods can be used to produce ethanoic acid?

A

microbial oxidation
chemical oxidation

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21
Q

What is the microbial oxidation of ethanol?

A

micro-organisms (bacteria) use oxygen in the air to oxides ethanol

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22
Q

Write the chemical equation for microbial oxidation of ethanol

A

C₂H₅OH + 2[o] -> CH₃COOH + H₂O

23
Q

Write the chemical equation for chemical oxidation of ethanol

A

C₂H₅OH + 2[o] -> CH₃COOH + H₂O

24
Q

What is the oxidising agent used in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

A

potassium dichromate

25
Q

Describe the chemical oxidation of ethanol

A

add sulphuric acid to ethanol
add potassium dichromate
heat in water bath (to speed up rate of reaction)

26
Q

What is the colour change involved in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

A

orange -> green

27
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

weak acids
will react less violently / quickly than other acids

28
Q

Give examples of carboxylic acids

A

methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
butanoic acid

29
Q

What is the structural formula for methanoic acid?

A

HCOOH

30
Q

What is the structural formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH₃COOH

31
Q

What is the structural formula for propanoic acid?

A

CH₃CH₂COOH

32
Q

What is the structural formula for butanoic acid?

A

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

33
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide -> ?

A

water + sodium ethanoate

34
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium oxide -> ?

A

water + sodium ethanoate

35
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium -> ?

A

hydrogen + sodium ethanoate

36
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate -> ?

A

carbon dioxide + water + sodium ethanoate

37
Q

describe the differences between the reactions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid

A

ethanoic acid produces less vigorous reaction
both turn limewater cloudy

38
Q

What is observed when magnesium is placed in propanoic acid?

A

effervescence
Mg dissapears

39
Q

Name the products formed when magnesium is placed in propanoic acid

A

Magnesium propanoate

40
Q

What is an ester?

A

family of organic molecules which form when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol join together by losing an H₂O molecule

41
Q

ethanoic acid + ethanol -> ?

A

ethyl ethanoate + water

42
Q

methanoic acid + propanol -> ?

A

propyl methanoate + water

43
Q

Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ?

A

ester + water
alcohol acid e.g. ethyl ethanoate

44
Q

How do you make esters?

A

mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together
add a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid (catalyst)
warm gently

45
Q

How do you smell esters?

A

tip into sodium carbonate solution (neutralises excess acid)
cautiously smell
smells fruity

46
Q

Working Backwards:
Pentyl ethanoate -> ?

A

ethanoic acid + pentanol

47
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule made of repeating units

48
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small molecule used to make a polymer

49
Q

Name the polymer that has:
two C
two H
Chlorine
Fluorine

A

poly(chlorofluoroethene)

50
Q

Name the polymer that has:
two C
three H
CH₃

A

poly(propene)

51
Q

What is a polyester?

A

a polymer made from lots of molecules (monomers) joined together by ester groups

52
Q

What does a polyester produce?

A

2nH₂O

53
Q

What does biopolyester mean?

A

biodegradable

chemistry (17 decks)

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