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CIS 110: Introduction to Computers > 3: Storage > Flashcards

3: Storage Flashcards

1
Q

the part of a storage system where data is stored (ex. DVD)

A

storage medium

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2
Q

a piece of hardware into which a storage medium is inserted to be read from or written to (ex. DVD drive)

A

storage device

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3
Q

AKA direct access - data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order

A

random access

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4
Q

data can only be retrieved in the order in which it is physically stored on the medium

A

sequential access

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5
Q

anything stored on a storage medium, such as a program, a document, or an image

A

file

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6
Q

name given to a file by the user - used to retrieve the file at a later time

A

filename

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7
Q

named place on a storage medium into which the user can place files in order to keep the files stored on that medium organized

A

folder

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8
Q

the primary storage system for most computers - used to store most programs and data used with a computer

A

hard drive

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9
Q

hard drive that uses flash memory technology instead of magnetic technology to store data - allows for faster operation, reduced power consumption

A

solid-state drive (SSD)

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10
Q

a hard drive consisting of one or more metal magnetic disks permanently sealed, along with an access mechanism and read/write heads, inside its drive

A

magnetic hard drive

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11
Q

a concentric path on a disk where data is recorded

A

track

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12
Q

a small piece of a track on a disk

A

sector

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13
Q

one or more sectors - the smallest addressable area of a disk

A

cluster

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14
Q

the collection of tracks located in the same location on a set of hard disk surfaces

A

cylinder

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15
Q

permanent damage to a magnetic hard drive as a result of the read/write heads touching the hard disk surface (if computer is bumped, if a foreign object gets onto disk’s surface, etc.)

A

head crash

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16
Q

step 1 in reading/writing data on disk: moving the read/write heads to the cylinder that contains (or will contain) the desired data

A

seek time

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17
Q

step 2 in reading/writing data on disk: rotating the hard disks into the proper position so that the read/write heads are located over the part of the cylinder to be used

A

rotational delay

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18
Q

step 3 in reading/writing data on disk: moving the data, such as reading the data from the hard disk and transferring it to memory, or transferring the data from memory and storing it on the hard disk

A

data movement time

19
Q

the time it takes to locate and read data from (or position and write data to) a storage medium

A

disk access time

20
Q

memory used in conjunction with a magnetic hard drive to improve system performance

A

disk cache

21
Q

a hard drive that contains a large amount of both flash memory and magnetic hard disks

A

hybrid hard drive

22
Q

dividing the physical capacity of a single hard drive logically into separate areas

A

partitioning

23
Q

a type of storage medium read from and written to using a laser beam

A

optical disc

24
Q

a low capacity (typically 700 MB) optical disc that is often used to deliver music and software, as well as to store user data

A

CD disc

25
Q

a medium capacity (typically 4.7 GB or 8.5 GB) optical disc that is often used to deliver software and movies, as well as to store user data

A

DVD disc

26
Q

a high-capacity (typically 25 GB or 50 GB) disc that is often used to deliver high-definition movies, as well as to store user data

A

Blu-ray Disc (BD)

27
Q

a drive used with optical discs, such as CD or DVD discs

A

optical drive

28
Q

CDs/DVDs/BDs that can be read from, but not written to, by the user (commercially released movies, games, etc.)

A

CD-ROM / DVD-ROM / BD-ROM

29
Q

CDs/DVDs/BDs that are recordable

A

CD-R / DVD-R / BD-R

30
Q

CDs/DVDs/BDs that are rewritable

A

CD-RW / DVD-RW / BD-RE

31
Q

nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or user - can be built into a computer or a storage medium

A

flash memory

32
Q

flash memory chips inserted into products, such as consumer devices

A

embedded flash memory

33
Q

a small, rectangular flash memory medium, such as a CompactFlash (CF) or Secure Digital (SD) card - often used with digital cameras and other portable devices

A

flash memory card

34
Q

a small storage device that plugs into a USB port and contains flash memory media

A

USB flash drive

35
Q

refers to using a storage device that is accessed through a local network

A

network storage

36
Q

a high-performance storage device individually connected to a network to provide storage for computers on that network

A

network attached storage (NAS)

37
Q

a network of hard drives or other storage devices that provide storage for a network of computers

A

storage area network (SAN)

38
Q

AKA online storage - refers to using a storage device that is accessed via the Internet

A

cloud storage

39
Q

a credit card-sized piece of plastic containing a chip and other circuitry that can store data - often used for ID cards

A

smart card

40
Q

an emerging type of storage technology that uses multiple blue laser beams to store data in three dimensions

A

holographic storage

41
Q

the ability of a storage system to recover from an unexpected hardware or software failure, such as a system crash

A

fault tolerance

42
Q

a storage method that uses several hard drives working together, typically to increase performance and/or fault tolerance

A

RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks)

43
Q

storage media consisting of plastic tape with a magnetizable surface that stores data as a series of magnetic spots - typically comes as a cartridge

A

magnetic tape

CIS 110: Introduction to Computers (9 decks)

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