B3 Organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

What is digestion

Answer 1

The process of breaking down large insoluble molecules in your food into small soluble molecules

Question 2

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 2

To digest food and temporarily store it
Produces digestive acids

Question 3

What is the function of the small intestine

Answer 3

To help further digest food coming from the stomach

Question 4

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 4

Turns food waste into stool

Question 5

What is the function of the kidneys

Answer 5

Removes waste and extra fluid from your body

Question 6

What is the function of the liver

Answer 6

Processes blood and breaks down, balances and creates nutrients
Bile is produced

Question 7

What is the function of the gall bladder

Answer 7

Stores bile

Question 8

What is an enzyme

Answer 8

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms
They are large protiens

Question 9

How do enzymes work

Answer 9

They have an active side with a specific shape and a specific molecule fits into the active side where the chemical reaction takes place
The shape is very important and only one sort of enzyme will work on each substrate

Question 10

What is the active site

Answer 10

The part of the enzyme where the reaction takes place
They have a specific shape so that a specific substrate fits into it (Lock and key)

Question 11

What is the substrate

Answer 11

The molecule that fits into an enzymes active site and reacts to form a product or products

Question 12

What is the role of a carbohydrate
What is it made from

Answer 12

Used in cellular respiration to provide energy
Made from simple sugars

Question 13

What is the role of lipids
What is it made from

Answer 13

An energy store, used to make hormones
Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 14

What is the role of proteins
What is it made from

Answer 14

Growth repair and maintenance
Amino acids

Question 15

What is the test for sugars (glucose)
Describe the process

Answer 15

Benedict’s test
Add solution and benedict’s solution to a test tube
Heat it
If sugars are present there will be a colour change from blue to brick red

Question 16

What is the test for starch
Describe the process

Answer 16

Iodine
Add a few drops of iodine to sample
If starch is present there will be a colour change from orange to blue/black

Question 17

What is the test for lipids
Describe the process

Answer 17

Emulsion test (Ethanol)
Dissolve some of the test sample in ethanol
Pour this into a test tube of water
If lipids are present here will be a cloudy white emulsion

Question 18

What is the test for protein
Describe the process

Answer 18

Biuret Test
Add biuret solution to test sample
If proteins are present the will be a colour change from blue to lilac

Question 19

What is the function of hcl in the stomach

Answer 19

Adjusts pH to optimum for protease

Question 20

What is the role of protease in the stomach

Answer 20

Speeds up the digestion of protein

Question 21

What is the role of mucus in the stomach

Answer 21

Protects the stomach from auto digestion

Question 22

Where is bile made, stored and released

Answer 22

Liver
Gall bladder
Small intestine

Question 23

What is the role of bile

Answer 23

It is alkaline to neutralise stomach acid and make partly digested food pH 8 - the optimum pH for enzymes in the small intestine
It also emulsifies fats, meaning it breaks them down into smaller droplets (increased surface area) to increase their rate of digestion

Question 24

What are the 3 digestive enzymes

Answer 24

Carbohydrase (amylase)
Protease
Lipase

Question 25

Describe the use of carbohydrase in the body

Answer 25

Produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine wall
Site of action is the mouth and small intestine
Breaks down carbohydrates-Mainly starch

Question 26

Describe the use of protease in the body

Answer 26

Produced in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine wall
Site of action is the stomach and small intestine
Breaks down proteins

Question 27

Describe the use of lipase in the body

Answer 27

Produced in the pancreas and small intestine wall
Site of action is the small intestine
Breaks down fats