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Exercise Physiology > Cardiovascular System Part 1 W5 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Part 1 W5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Creates pressure to pump blood

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1
Q

What are the 3 purposes of the cardiorespiratory system?

A

Transport O2 and nutrients to tissues
Removal of CO2 wastes from tissues
Regulation of body temperature

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2
Q

What are the 2 major adjustments of blood flow during exercise does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Increased cardiac output
Redistribution of blood flow form inactive organs to active muscle

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2
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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3
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Exchange of O2, CO2 and nutrients with tissues

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4
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood toward the heart

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5
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

Right side of the heart

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary arteries

Returns oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart via pulmonary veins

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6
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

Left side of the heart

Pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body via arteries

Returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart via veins

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7
Q

What is haematocrit?

A

Percentage of blood composed of erythrocytes

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8
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

Contains ions, proteins and hormones
It is the liquid portion of blood

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9
Q

What cells are found in blood?

A

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells
Platelets

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10
Q

What cells are important in blood clotting?

A

Platelets
White blood cells

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11
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen

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12
Q

What is normally the common value of haematocrit?

A

42%

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13
Q

What is the main resistance to blood flow?

A

Arteries and Arterioles

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14
Q

Where is pressure generated?

A

In the heart (left ventricle)

15
Q

What is mean arterial pressure?

A

100mmHg

16
Q

What is resistance?

A

A measure of hindrance or opposition to blood flow through a vessel, caused by friction between the blood in the vessel wall

17
Q

What is total peripheral resistance?

A

Sum of resistance to slow in all individual organs

18
Q

What is blood flow relationship with pressure?

A

Directly proportional to the pressure difference between the 2 ends of the system

19
Q

What is blood flow relationship with resistance?

A

Inversely proportional

20
Q

What are pressure relationships?

A

Proportional to the difference between MAP and right atrial pressure

21
Q

What is resistance dependent on?

A

Length of vessel
Viscosity of the blood
Radius of the vessel

21
Q

What is Darcy’s Law?

A

Blood flow= pressure divided by resistance

22
Q

What has the greatest influence on resistance?

A

Radius of the vessel

23
Q

What is low vascular resistance?

A

The resistance to blood flow in an organ or tissue calculated from pressure and local/organ tissue flow

24
Q

What is resistance equation?

A

Resistance= (length x viscosity) divided by radius

25
Q

What is Poiseuille’s law?

A

Resistance is inversely proportional to radius in a single vessel

26
Q

What is arteriovenous difference?

A

Amount of O2 that is taken up from 100ml of blood
Increases during exercise due to increase in O2 uptake in tissues

26
Q

How is total peripheral resistance calculated?

A

When MAP and CO are known
(MAP= CO x TPR)

27
Q

How is oxygen consumption calculated?

A

Oxygen consumption= cardiac output x A-V oxygen difference

28
Q

What is Fick equation?

A

Relationship between:
Cardiac output,
a-VO2 difference
VO2

29
Q

What are baroreceptors sensitive to?

A

Sensitive to changes in arterial blood pressure

30
Q

What are muscle mechanoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Sensitive to force and speed of muscular movement

31
Q

What are muscle chemoreceptors sensitive to?

A

Sensitive to changes in chemical environment (H+ ions, CO2, changes in pH)

32
Q

What is he exercise pressor reflex?

A

Peripheral feedback tot he medulla oblongata to amend the CV response

33
Q

What plays an active role in resetting the arterial baroreflex during exercise?

A

Central command
Exercise pressor reflex

34
Q

Why is there an increase in systolic blood pressure during exercise?

A

Due to the baroreflex being reset during exercise

Exercise Physiology (24 decks)

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