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Microbiology II > Enterobacter > Flashcards

Enterobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Overt Pathogens

4

A
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • E. coli
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2
Q

Subtypes of E. Coli

2

A
  • Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
  • Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC)
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3
Q

General Characteristics of Overt Pathogens

Type and virulence

A

Type: rapid growers, facultative anaerobes
Virulence: lipopolysaccharides

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4
Q

Major Lipopolysaccharides

3

A

Outermost somatic O polysaccharide: epidemiologic classification of strains within species
Core polysaccharide: commen antigen
Lipid A: endotoxin

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5
Q

Epidemiologic Classification

3

A
  • Somatic O polysaccharide
  • Capsular K/Vi antigen: heat labile, interferes with O detection
  • Flagellar H antigen: heat labile
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6
Q

Common Virulence Factors

5

A
  • Capsule: protects from phagocytes
  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • Endotoxin, lipid A
  • Antigenic phase variation
  • Type III secretion systems: molecular syringe, delivers virulence factors to target cells
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7
Q

Escherichia Coli Basics

Trans, clinical, virulence

A

Transmission: endogenous, gastroenteritis is from exogenous
Clinical: UTI, extraintestinal, GI tract infections
Virulence: general ones, adhesions, exotoxins

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8
Q

Escherichia Coli (ESCO) Infection: UTI

how does it infect, main symptom, establishment

A

Most common cause
- Adheres to epi cells, doesn’t wash away when you pee

Symptoms: delirium is a big one

Establishment: catheters, pregnancy, hemolysin promotes cell lysis and forms biofilms, gender (longer urethra)

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9
Q

ESCO Infection: Extraintestinal

2 types

A

Neonatal meningitis: major cause of CNS infections in infants <1 y/o
- K capsular antigen
- Common GI commensal

Septicemia
- Originate from UTI or GI infection

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10
Q

E. Coli: Enterotoxigenic Infection

Disease, symptoms,treatment

A

Traveler’s diarrhea: most common cause
- Foodborne outbreaks
- Children at risk

Symptoms: nausea, fever, diarrhea, maybe vomiting
- 3-5 days

Treat with supportive care without antibiotics

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11
Q

E. Coli: Enterhemorrhagic (EHEC) Basics

Trans, clinical, virulence

A

Transmission: eating undercooked ground beef, raw milk, animal fecal contam.
Clinical: hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome
Virulence: toxins like Shiga toxin

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12
Q

E. Coli: Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Infection

2 diseases, antibiotics?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis: stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea
Hemolytic uremic syndrome: kidney damage

Antibiotics don’t always help, can increase HUS risk

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13
Q

E. Coli Enterohemorrhagic Serotypes

A

Major O serotype: O157

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14
Q

Establishment of GI Infections

4

A

Anatomic alterations: obstruction of secretion flow, stuff gets stuck

Changes in stomach acidity: shigella and escherichia are acid resistant

Normal flora alterations: broad spectrum antibiotics

Encounter with specific pathogenic agents: infectious dose must be reached

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15
Q

Citrobacter, Enterbacter, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Serratia: Basics

Where, trans, clinical

A

Where: normal GI flora
Tranmission: endogenous, person to person
Clinical: opportunistic and nosocomial infections

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16
Q

Other Infections: Klebsiella Pneumoniae

A

Community/nosocomial: pneumonia
- Capsule, adhesins

17
Q

Other Infections: Proteus spp.

A

UTI with or without kidney stones
- Biofilm, adhesins, proteases

18
Q

Other Infections: Citrobacter Koseri

A

Meningitis, brain abscesses in neonates

19
Q

Other Infections: Enterobacter/Cronobacter

For both

A

Enterobacter: various nosocomial like UTI
Cronobacter: meningitis/sepsis in newborns

20
Q

Other Infections: Serratia, Morganella

A

Both cause various nosocomial infections

21
Q

Salmonella Basics

where, trans, clinical

A

Where: typhi and paratyphi in humans, not normal flora
Transmission: person to person, fecal oral, contaminated food
Clinical: gastroenteritis, typhoid fever

22
Q

Salmonella Virulence

and pathogenesis

A

Can traverse intestinal mucosa

Pathogenesis:
- Ingest microbe, absorb into epi cells in intestines
- Penetrates cells and multiply
- Stimulation of cAMP and fluid secretion from host immune response

23
Q

Salmonella Infections

two, treatment

A

Gastroenteritis: acid sensitive, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, can recover without treatment, caused by foods, 4-7 day duration

Enteric fever: typhi or paratyphi, typhoid fever, pain and diarrhea, 4 week duration w some relapse

S. typhi has a vaccine

24
Q

Shigella: Basics

where, trans, clinical, virulence

A

Where: human host specific, not normal flora
Transmission: fecal oral
Clinical: diarrhea, pediatric disease
Virulence: traverse intestinal mucosa
- S. dysenteriae has an exotoxin

25
Q

Shigella: Species

4 and grouping

A
  1. S. sonnei, Group D, most common
  2. S. flexneri, Group B, more severe
  3. S. boydii, Group C, more severe
  4. S. dysenteriae, Group A, most serious
26
Q

Shigella: Infections

symptoms, recovery, risks

A

Shigellosis
- Short incubation
- Low dose
- Watery diarrhea, becomes bloody/mucus, cramps, fever
- 1 week duration
Recovery: often without treatment, immunocompromised may get antimicrobials
Risk: poor hygiene, child care, janitors, mlm

27
Q

Yersinia: Basics

3 species, where for each, trans, significance

A

Y. pestis: rats, rodents, flea vector | ingestion or inhalation of tissue or airborne droplets | bubonic plague, pneumonic plague
Y. enterocolitica: dogs, cats, rodents, rabbits, pigs, cattle | consumptopn of contaminated food, contact with contam. animal | enterocolitis, pseudoappendicitis
Y. psudotuberculosis: birds, deer, rodents: same as above

28
Q

Yersinia Pestis: Virulence Factors

A

Plasmids that encounde virulence genes’

  • pPCP1: bacteriocin that kills other bacteria and activates plasminogen, degrades complement and prevents opsonization and phagocytic migration - allows for deep tissue invasion
  • pMT1: murine toxin that enhances survival in the flea gut, F1 capsular antigen
29
Q

Yersinia Pestis: Infections

2 of them

A

Bubonic plague
- 1 wk incubation
- Fever, swelling of lymph node, bacteremia without treatment, 75% mortality

Pneumonic plague
- 2-3 day incubation
- Fever, malaise, pulmonary symptoms
- Person to person spread possible, highly infectious
- Mortality rate 90% without treatment

30
Q

Other Yersinia Infections

A

Enterocolitis
- Fever, pain, diarrhea (maybe bloody), vomiting
- Lasts up to 2 weeks
- Meats, oysters, fish, raw milk

Pseudoappendicitis: from abdominal pain of lower right quadrant, thinks its appendix problem

Extraintestinal: arthritis

31
Q

Plesiomonas Shigelloides: Basics

where, trans, clinical

A

,Where: soil, freshwater, warm and cold blood animals
Transmission: contaminated food or water, reptile exposure
Clinical: gastroenteritis (watery or secretory diarrhea, can be chronic for months even) or opportunistic sytemic (meningitis, bacteremia)

32
Q

Salmonella: Serotyping

A
  • Somatic O
  • Surface Vi
  • Phase 1 or phase 2 flagellar (H antigen)

Microbiology II (16 decks)

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