Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous GNR Flashcards
General Characteristics of Nonfermenting GNR
+ 4 species
- Prefers aerobic environment
- Disinfectant resistant
- Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
where, trans, significance
Where: soil, vegetation, water, hospitals (flowers, sinks), nutritional versatility so it is ubiquitous
Transmission: ingestion contam. food/water, fomites/devices
Clinical: opportunistic, respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin + soft tissue, ears and eyes, bacteremia, endocarditis
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Virulence
6
- Adhesions
- Exotoxin and enzymes
- Capsule and biofilm
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Disinfectant resistance
- Tolerates 4-42 C temps
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections: Hot Tub Folliculitis
Self limited rash
- Contaminated water in pools, hot tub, poor chlorine levels
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections: Respiratory Disease
population, symptoms
- Cystic fibrosis patients
- Thick, sticky mucus build up in lungs and digestive tract,
- Predisposed to develop LRT infections
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections: Burn Wounds
Colonization, vascular damage, tissue necrosis, bacteremia
- Moist wound surface, neutrophils cannot penetrate the wounds, increased infection risk
- Fruity, grape odor, fluorescent
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections: Outer Ear Infections
Otitis externa: inflammation of outer ear and ear canal
- “Swimmer’s ear,” softening of tissue, itching, redness, fluid, pain
- Swimming, heat, humidity
Burkholderia
where for each species (3)
Main habitat: environment soil and water
B. cepacia: hospitals
B. pseudomallei: sub/tropics of SEA, Australia
B. mallei: Africa, Asia, C + S America
Burkholderia Transmission
for each species
B. cepacia: contaminated devices and medical solutions
B. pseudomallei: inhalation, direct inoculation from contam. soil and water
B. mallei: zoonosis from horses, contam. tissue or body fluid, wound contam., mucosal surfaces
Burkholderia Infections
for each species
- B. cepacia: nonpathogenic, healthy, CF patients, opportunistic infection
- B. pseudomallei: agent of bioterrorism, melioidosis, cutaneous and blood infections, pulmonary
- B. mallei: similar to pseudomallei, “glanders”
Acinetobacter Basics
where, trans, virulence
Where: nature, hospitls, normal oropharynx flora in some people
Transmission: colonization of hospitalized patients from environment
Virulence factors: antimicrobial resistance
Acinetobacter Significance
2 and special population
Infections: nosocomial (opportunistic), wound infections
Population: military medical facilities, traumatic injuries
Stenotrophomonas Basics
where, trans, virulence, clinical
Where: nature and hospitals
Transmission: hospital patients fromo environment, risk: venous catheter, antibiotics
Virulence: antimicrobial resistance
Significance: nosocomial
Antimicrobial Resistance
2 are multidrug
Multidrug: Pseudmonas, Acinetobacter
