Vibrio and Others Flashcards
Vibrio Spp. Basics
Type, requirements, where, trans, significance, 4 species
Type: pleomorphic, curved rods
Requirements: facultative anaerobes, halophilic salt
Where: aquatic, pathogens in shellfish, hot months
Transmission: ingestion, wound to contamination
Significance: cholera
Species: V. cholerae, V. parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus
Vibrio Virulence Factors
5 total, 3 species
V. cholerae
- Cholera toxin from bacteriophage
- Toxin co-regulated pili for adherence
V. parahemolyticus
- Hemolysin watery diarrhea
V. vulnificus
- Polysaccharide capsule antiphagocytic
- Cytolysins for tissue destruction
Vibrio Cholerae Infection: Cholera
symptoms, characteristic, infectious dose
Symptoms: acute gastroenteritis, vomiting, diarrhea
Characteristic: rice water stool, shitsing like 10-30 times a day
Infectious dose: pathogen is sensitive to stomach acid you need a high dose to get infected (risks: antiacids and whatnot)
- No electrolyte replacement, death in hours
- Main damage is secretion of electrolytes and water
Vibrio Cholerae Major Outbreak Strains
2
O1 and O139
Vibrio Parahemolyticus: Gastroenteritis
symptoms, duration, acquisition
Symptoms: explosive diarrhea, fever, chills
Duration: quick incubation, 72 hour lasting
Get it by: seafood and oyster consumption, leading cause of seafood gastroenteritis
Vibrio Alginolyticus: Wound and Ear Infections
risks, significance, age groups
Risks: diabetics, heart disease, liver issues/alcoholism, beach activities causing wounds
Significance: second most common vibrio in the US
Age groups: >50yo more likely to have lower extremity infections, young children ear infections
Vibrio Vulnificus: Septicemia and Wound Infections
significance, transmission, risk,
Significance: more than 90% of vibrio deaths in US
Transmission: septicemia after eating contaminated raw oysters, wound infections after exposure to contaminated water
Risk: hepatic disease, renal failure, alcoholism, immunocompromised
Aeromonas Basics
type, requirement, where, trans
Type: straight rod
Requirements: facultative anaerobe
Where: aquatic, retail produce and animal meat
Transmission: ingestion of contaminated water or food, exposure of wound/mucosa to contaminated water, traumatic inoculation
Aeromonas Infections
3 kinds
Gastroenteritis
- Acute secretory diarrhea, vomiting
- Acute dysenteric diarrhea with blood/mucus
- Chronic diarrhea >10 days
- Traveler’s diarrhea
Wound infections
Opportunistic like sepsis and meningitis
Campylobacter Basics
Type, requirements, where, trans, clinical
Type: thin, comma shaped
Requirement: microaerophile
Where: GI tract of animals, poultry, cattle, sheep, pets, zoonotic
Transmission: consume contam. food/water/raw milk, poor poultry prep, fecal-oral is rare
Clinical: gastroenteritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, bactermia
Campylobacter Species
three
- C. jejuni (most common)
- C. fetus
- C. coli
Campylobacter Infection: Gastroenteritis
symptoms, species 2, age risks, dose
Symptoms: fever, headache, bloody and profuse diarrhea possible, cramping
Species: C. jejuni (most common), C. coli
Risk: children <1, adults 20-40
Dose: few as 500
Campylobacter Infections: Guillain-Barre Syndrome
other name, what is GBS, species, symptoms
Reactive arthritis
GBS: autoimmune disease, cross react between bacterial capsule and neural tissue
Species: C. jejuni
Symptoms: weakness possible paralysis over days, recover can be months
Campylobacter Infections: Systemic
species, risks
Bacteremia and Septicemia
Species: C. fetus
Risks: immunocompromised, elderly
Helicobacter Pylori Basics
type, requirements, where, trans
Type: curved rod
Requirements: microaerophilic
Where: human gastric mucosa
Transmission: early in life or fecal oral
