ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Session 10 Flashcards
What are gonads and what do they produce ?
- the male testes and female ovaries
- they produce hormones
What are the testes and ovaries controlled by ?
- Hypothalamus and the pituitary
What does the testes and ovaries produce ?
- testes : produce androgens such as testosterone
- Ovaries : produce estrogen and progesterone
what causes an increase amount of testosterone starting at puberty ?
- Because of gonadotropic hormones ( FSH , LH) the testes begin to release increased amounts
What does testosterone stimulate ?
- Stimulates the growth of the penis and the testes
What does estrogen stimulate and where else is estrogen necessary for ?
- Estrogen secreted at puberty stimulates the growth of the uterus , vagina and breasts .
- Estrogen is necessary for egg maturation
Where is the Thymus located and when does it peak capability ?
- It is located beneath the sternum
- reaches its largest size and is most active during childhood
What does thymosins cause ?
- Causes lymphocytes T to mature
Where is the Pineal gland located and what does ir produce and regulate ?
- Located in the brain
- Regulates daily sleep - wake cycle
- Produces melatonin , primarily at night
When are Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted , how is it produced and what does it stimulate ?
- Mainly secreted by the kidneys in response to a low oxygen blood level
- Stimulates red blood cell formation in the red bone marrow
- produced in adult by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney and produced in perisinusodial cells in the liver.
How are leptin produced and what do they do ?
- Produced in the adipose tissue
- Acts on hypothalamus and it signals satiety ( fullness )
What does the atrial natriuretic hormone do and where is it produced ?
- produced in the heart
- acts on kidney to decrease blood volume/pressure
How are prostaglandins produced and what do they do ?
- They are made from arachidonate , a fatty acid
- since they are produced by damage tissues , they cause pain
- For example in the uterus , it causes muscles to contract (cramps)
What controls the internal environment in our bodies ?
- The endocrine and nervous systems work together to control the internal environment
What are some differences in the nervous system and endocrine system in terms of speed of signal.
- They both use chemical signals
- They nervous system uses neurotransmitters and is faster than the endocrine system
- The endocrine system takes time to deliver hormones and it takes time for cells to respond
