Microbiome Session 34 Flashcards
1
Q
What are some factors that can weaken the hosts defences and increase susceptibility to infection?
A
- Age : The very young and the very old
- Genetic defects in immunity and acquired defects in immunity
- Pregnancy
- Surgery and organ transplants
- Underlying disease : cancer, liver malfunction , diabetes
- Chemotherapy/immunosuppressive drugs
- Physical and mental stress
- other infections
2
Q
How does Endogenous infections occur and what is it caused by ?
A
- Caused by biota already in the body
- This occurs when normal biota is introduced to a site that was previously sterile
3
Q
What are some ways to determine whats in the microbiome ?
A
- 16S rRNA sequencing
- Shotgun sequencing
4
Q
What is 16S rRNA and how is the sequencing useful ?
A
- IT is a marker gene that can be very helpful when trying to evaluate and determine what type of bacteria is in the sample.
5
Q
What is the reason that 16S sequence can be used to determine phylogenies ?
A
- the low rate of evolution
6
Q
How does shotgun sequencing differ from 16S rRNA sequencing ?
A
- While 16S rRNA sequencing is targeted , shotgun sequencing aims to get a picture of everything
- Shotgun sequencing is also not only limited to the classification of bacteria , it can find the strain and also extract the whole gene
7
Q
How does shotgun sequencing work to determine the bacteria ?
A
- DNA in a sample is broken into small pieces this is then sequenced and then assembled to see what is there
8
Q
What is gut microbiome key for early in life ?
A
- immune development
- Nutrient absorption
- Colonization resistance
9
Q
what effect does it have on the microbiome when a kid is born vaginally or via C-section ?
A
- Vaginal birth leads to microbiomes similar to mothers vagina
- C-section leads to microbiomes similar to the mothers skin
10
Q
What are the 6 main things that can effect the human biome ?
A
- Host physiology
- Environment
- Immune system
- Host genotype
- Lifestyle
- Pathobiology
11
Q
what are some diseases that the skin microbiota can play a role in ?
A
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Acne
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Psoriasis
