Unit 2.2: Psychoanalytic approaches - Contemporary issues Flashcards

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1
Q

When was classical psychoanalysis proposed?

A

early 1900s

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2
Q

Which ideas still persist in modified form?

A

broad role of unconscious
behaviour often reflects conflict (emotions, thoughts, etc.)
Important role of childhood in development of adult relationships
Mental representations of self and relationships guide interactions
Personality development: controlling aggressive and sexual impulses, relating to others in mature way

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3
Q

According to loftus, what are possible factors causing the creation of false memories?

A

Self help books
Therapist behaviour: confirmation bias, suggestive interviews, misinterpretations, etc.

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4
Q

In how far is the role of the unconscious looked at differently nowadays?

A

unconscious can influence behaviour but not everybody thinks it has its own autonomous motivation

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5
Q

Which approaches to the unconscious are there now?

A

Unconscious cognition: inf. can enter memories without us consciously being aware of information
Unconscious motivation: influence on behaviour

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6
Q

What did Erikson propose in relation to the ego?

A

ego is aimed at establishing its own identity
Identity crisis: desperation and confusion as result of not strongly developed sense of identity
-> identity as important acheivement in development of personality

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7
Q

How was Eriksons model of developmental stages different to freuds?

A

Included 8 stages
until old age
to solve identity crisis or psychosocial conflicts

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8
Q

Stage 1: infancy

A

1st year
central conflict: Trust vs Mistrust
Trust:
- development of sense of security
- trust in caregivers return after them leaving (without distress)
- caregivers: caring and affectionate
=> basis for believing world is predictable, optimistic view
Mistrust:
- irregular sleep, separation anxiety
- caregivers: changing treatment, emotionally unavailable, rejection

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9
Q

Stage 2: Toddler

A

2-3
Central conflict: Autonomy vs Shame & doubt
Autonomy:
- bladder and bowel control
- interacting with others efficiently
Shame & doubt:
- efforts to interact with others lead to failure, criticism, ridicule
- fails to meet parents expectations
- parents dont let children act on their own

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10
Q

Which stage is decisive for Love, cooperation, willfulness, freedom and self-expression?

A

Stage 2: Toddler

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11
Q

Stage 3: Pre-schooler

A

3-5
Central conflict: initiative vs guilt
Initiative:
- develop curiosity
- explore and manipulate world
- ask about things
=> courage without fear of punishment
Guilt:
- initiative punished -> disapproval
- asking questions as boring for adults

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12
Q

Stage 4: Grade-schooler

A

6-11
Central conflict: industry vs inferiority
Industry:
- prefer activities based on reality
- better grades
- agreement and conformity with socially desirable statements
=> feeling that they mastered a task in way that is acceptable to others
Inferioriy:
- prefer activities based on fantasy
- feeling of insufficient capacity to carry out tasks
- morally wrong performance

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13
Q

Stage 5: Teenager

A

12-20
Central conflict: Identity vs Role confusion
Identity:
- reflect integrated sense of self
- consolidates and integrates self-perceptions
- Identity built with others
=> capacity of truthfulness and fidelity
Role confusion:
- no role correspondent to identity
- inability to select career, etc.
- extends beyond adolescence

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14
Q

Stage 6: Young adult

A

mid 20s
Central conflict: Intimacy vs Isolation
Intimacy:
- commit to relationships without losing identity
- moral strength to commit
- intimacy only possible with strong sense of identity
=> capacity to develop: love
Isolation:
- unable to commit
- Social isolation or non-integration, emotional isolation
- withdrawal

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15
Q

Stage 7: Middle-age adult

A

until 60
central conflict: Generativity vs Stagnation
Generativity:
- create things transcending us
- create and guide growth of next generation
- vision of “me” as role model
=> capacity for care
Stagnation:
- worry only about own affairs
- self-centeredness
- personally impoverished

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16
Q

Stage 8: Older adult

A

Central conflict: Ego integrity vs despair
Ego integrity:
- life has order and meaning
- accepting decisions made and things accomplished
- feeling of satisfaction
=> capacity for wisdom & meaning
Despair:
- feeling life was wasted
- wish to have done things differently
- feeling bitter for being unable to change things

17
Q

Who generated a more feminist view of personality development?

A

Karen Horney

18
Q

What did Karen Horney reject?

A

Idea of penis as symbol of social power

19
Q

What were Karen Horney major contributions?

A

emphasising cultural and historical determinants in personality
distinguishing between gender differences and sex differences to refer to roles associated to a gender

20
Q

What were assumptions of Object relations theory?

A

Impulses, desires, etc. less important than relationships
Others, especially primary caregiver, must be internalized in form of mental object

21
Q

What did Bowlby and Ainsworth focus on?

A

Studying attachment bonds
Ainsworth: Strange situation
-> Secure attachment 66%
-> Anxious attachment 14%
-> avoidant/evasive attachment 20%

22
Q

What do first relationships serve as a prototypical example of?

A

later relationships