15.2/3 Thermoregulation

Question 1

what is thermoregulation?

Answer 1

the maintenance of a constant core body temperature

Question 2

why is thermoregulation important?

Answer 2

enzymes in the body have optimum temperatures which need to be maintained in order to allow for enzyme controlled reactions to occur

Question 3

what is latent heat of evaporation?

Answer 3

objects cool down as water evaporates from a surface

Question 4

what is radiation?

Answer 4

transmission of electromagnetic waves to and from the air, water and ground

Question 5

what is convection?

Answer 5

heating and cooling of air or water

warm air rises and cooler air sinks which sets up a convection current

Question 6

what is conduction?

Answer 6

heating as a result of colliding with other molecules

Question 7

what is an ectotherm?

Answer 7

animals which use their surroundings to warm their body

Question 8

what is an endotherm?

Answer 8

animals which rely on metabolic processes to warm up

Question 9

endotherm vs ectotherm

Answer 9

endotherm is able to maintain a constant body temperature

an ectotherm cannot maintain or control their body temperature

Question 10

features of ectotherms

Answer 10

mostly invertebrates

many living in water don’t need to thermoregulate as water as a high specific heat capacity

Question 11

features of endotherms

Answer 11

mammals and birds

can survive a wide range of environments through adaptations which allow it to cool and heat up

Question 12

how are changes in temperature detected by the body?

Answer 12

receptors detect a change in the internal environment

Question 13

what are the 2 types of temperature receptors?

Answer 13

peripheral temperature receptors

temperature receptors in the hypothalamus

Question 14

what do the peripheral temperature receptors do?

Answer 14

found in the skin and detect changes in surface temperature

Question 15

what do temperature receptors in the hypothalamus do?

Answer 15

detect changes in the blood deep in the body

Question 16

which receptor is more important?

Answer 16

the peripheral temperature receptors as most changes to the temperature occurs due to changes in external conditions

Question 17

through which centres does thermoregulation occur in?

Answer 17

the heat loss centre
the heat gain centre

Question 18

what is the heat loss centre?

Answer 18

activated when temp of the blood flowing through the hypothalamus INCREASES
impulses are sent through autonomic motor neurones to effectors in the skin and muscles which trigger the responses to get the core temperature to decrease

Question 19

what is the heat gain centre?

Answer 19

activated when temp of blood flowing through the hypothalamus DECREASES
impulses are sent to effectors in the skin and muscles which triggers responses which raise the core temperature

Question 20

which motor neurones are used in thermoregulation?

Answer 20

autonomic motor neurones

Question 21

why can certain animals survive without oxygen for long periods of time?

Answer 21

they have a low metabollic rate

less energy is spent on thermoregulation