15.2 Science

Question 1

the study of the relationship between chemical reactions and the laws of thermodynamics

Answer 1

chemical thermodynamics

Question 2

a form of potential energy that may be released as thermal energy when molecules combine or break apart

Answer 2

chemical energy

Question 3

energy gained or lost by a system equals the energy lost or gained by the surroundings

Answer 3

first law of thermodynamics

Question 4

a chemical reaction that releases thermal energy

Answer 4

exothermic reaction

Question 5

Reactants → products + energy

Answer 5

exothermic reaction

Question 6

a chemical reaction that causes thermal energy to be absorbed and stored in the chemical bonds of the products

Answer 6

endothermic reaction

Question 7

Reactants + energy → products

Answer 7

endothermic reaction

Question 8

requires that every chemical reaction must cause a decrease in usable energy and an increase in entropy

Answer 8

second law of thermodynamics

Question 9

able to occur by itself without continuing outside help

Answer 9

spontaneous reaction

Question 10

the area of chemistry that addresses the rates of chemical reactions

Answer 10

chemical kinetics

Question 11

the kinetic energy necessary for molecules to chemically react

Answer 11

activation energy

Question 12

four factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 12

increase temperature
increase concentration
increase surface area
add a catalyst

Question 13

a substance that alters the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed in the reaction

Answer 13

catalyst

Question 14

a reaction that, under the right conditions, can be made to go “backward.”

Answer 14

reversible

Question 15

both reactions occur at the same rate

Answer 15

chemical equilibrium

Question 16

the principle stating when a system at equilibrium is distributed, the system will react to at least partially offset that disturbance

Answer 16

Le Chatelier’s principle