Chapter 15.5-15.6 Science

Question 1

the study of compounds containing carbon.

Answer 1

organic chemistry

Question 2

a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.

Answer 2

hydrocarbon

Question 3

a hydrocarbon having only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer 3

alkane

Question 4

Alkanes without branches are named according to the number of carbon atoms they contain.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

An alkane that has branches is named after __________.

Answer 5

the parent hydrocarbon

Question 6

the longest chain of carbon atoms to which the branches are attached is ____________.

Answer 6

parent hydrocarbon

Question 7

a major component of natural gas, is used as a fuel in stoves and furnaces.

Answer 7

methane

Question 8

a major component of LP (liquefied petroleum) gas, which is used for cooking and heating in recreational vehicles and some mobile homes.

Answer 8

propane

Question 9

Another component of LP gas, also used as fuel in portable stoves and fire starters.

Answer 9

butane

Question 10

a hydrocarbon containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer 10

alkene

Question 11

a hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer 11

alkyne

Question 12

describes molecules that are ring-shaped.

Answer 12

cyclic

Question 13

an organic compound consisting of a cyclic structure with delocalized electrons.

Answer 13

aromatic compound

Question 14

shared by more than two atoms.

Answer 14

delocalized

Question 15

C60 and similar molecules are usually referred to collectively as ___________.

Answer 15

fullerenes

Question 16

a hydrocarbon that has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced with different atoms or groups of atoms.

Answer 16

substituted hydrocarbon

Question 17

a group of atoms capable of replacing a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.

Answer 17

functional group

Question 18

alkanes with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms.

Answer 18

haloalkanes

Question 19

an organic compound with one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by an -OH group.

Answer 19

alcohol

Question 20

-OH is apart of what group

Answer 20

hydroxyl group

Question 21

a functional group -COOH, found in carboxylic acids.

Answer 21

carboxyl group

Question 22

a type of organic compound in which a hydrocarbon chain replaces the hydrogen atom of a carboxyl group (often abbreviated as -COO-).

Answer 22

ester

Question 23

a salt containing a carboxylate ion.

Answer 23

soap

Question 24

an anion formed by removing the hydrogen atom from a carboxylic acid’s carboxyl group

Answer 24

carboxylate ion

Question 25

Most “soaps” today are actually composed of synthetic ___________, organic compounds similar to soaps but capable of cleaning even in hard water.

Answer 25

detergents

Question 26

huge organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules linked together.

Answer 26

polymer

Question 27

any of the smaller molecules that are joined together to make up a polymer.

Answer 27

monomer

Question 28

the chemical process that produces polymers.

Answer 28

polymerization

Question 29

the study of the chemistry of living things.

Answer 29

biochemistry

Question 30

the compounds that provide most of the energy for living things and contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:2:1 ratio.

Answer 30

carbohydrates

Question 31

any relatively small carbohydrate that contains up to about ten rings of atoms.

Answer 31

sugar

Question 32

any carbohydrate with only one ring of atoms per molecule.

Answer 32

monosaccharide

Question 33

important six-carbon sugar found in both animals and plants; molecular formula.

Answer 33

glucose

Question 34

the process that green plants use to produce glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and the energy of the sun.

Answer 34

photosynthesis

Question 35

any carbohydrate consisting of two monosaccharide molecules linked together to form a larger molecule.

Answer 35

disaccharide

Question 36

any of the large carbohydrate polymers formed when hundreds or thousands of monosaccharides are linked together.

Answer 36

polysaccharide

Question 37

common polysaccharide used by plants for food storage.

Answer 37

starch

Question 38

common polysaccharide used by animals and people for food storage.

Answer 38

glycogen

Question 39

a polysaccharide that forms the walls of plant cells and gives plants and trees their rigid structure.

Answer 39

cellulose

Question 40

a group of biological compounds characterized by insolubility in water.

Answer 40

lipids

Question 41

a simple lipid molecule that resembles a rod of carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to a carboxylic acid “handle.”

Answer 41

fatty acid

Question 42

a molecule consisting of three fatty acid “rods” with their “handles” attached to a single molecule of glycerol.

Answer 42

fat