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Physical Science 9th Grade > Science Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Science Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

a group of two or more atoms linked by chemical bonds to form distinct units

A

molecule

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2
Q

a combination of chemical symbols and numbers showing the type and number of atoms in each compound

A

chemical formula

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3
Q

the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule

A

molecular mass

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4
Q

substances composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together

A

compounds

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5
Q

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

A

isomer

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6
Q

a substance that has the same physical properties throughout and consists of only one type of atom, one type of molecule, or one nonmolecular compound; all pure substances are either elements or compounds

A

pure substances

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7
Q

a substance that has the same physical properties throughout the substance

A

homogenous

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8
Q

three-dimensional representation of a molecule that shows its shape and the position of its atom

A

molecular model

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9
Q

a substance composed of several pure substances that are physically mixed but not chemically united

A

mixture

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10
Q

a homogeneous mixture that exists because of attraction between atoms, molecules, or ions

A

solution

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11
Q

a substance in a solution that is dissolved

A

solute

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12
Q

a substance in a solution that does the dissolving

A

solvent

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13
Q

describes a mixture in which the molecules of the mixed substances are not completely mixed

A

heterogenous

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14
Q

a mixture containing tiny suspended clumps or particles

A

colloid

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15
Q

the appearance of a blue-tinged milky or cloudy effect within a colloid when a light shines through it

A

tyndall effect

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16
Q

a heterogeneous mixture whose particles are large enough that they will settle

A

suspension

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17
Q

an attractive force that links atoms to form molecules and compounds

A

chemical bond

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18
Q

The most important factor affecting how chemical bonds form is the number of ______ in the valence shell of each atom involved.

A

electrons

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19
Q

a chemical bond resulting from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms

A

covalent bond

20
Q

Covalent bonds typically form between two _______

A

nonmetals

21
Q

a covalent bond involving an electron

A

single bond

22
Q

a covalent bond formed by the sharing of two pairs of electrons

A

double bond

23
Q

a covalent bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared

A

triple bond

24
Q

a diagram showing the locations of all the atoms and valence electrons in a molecule or ion

A

lewis structure

25
Q

describes electrons that are part of more than one chemical bond, being shared by more than two atoms

A

delocalized

26
Q

the property of an element that describes how strongly atoms of that element pull on electrons in chemical bonds

A

electronegativity

27
Q

a covalent bond in which both atoms share their electrons equally and the electrons are not pulled closer to one atom than to the other

A

nonpolar bond

28
Q

a covalent bond in which the more electronegative atom pulls the shared electrons toward itself

A

polar bond

29
Q

a charge less than that of a proton or electron

A

partial charge

30
Q

a molecule that has opposite partial charges on opposite ends of the molecule; one end of a polar molecule has a negative partial charge, and the other end has a positive partial charge

A

polar molecule

31
Q

a substance consisting of atoms covalently bonded into a large structure that does not contain a specific number of atoms

A

covalent network

32
Q

Although covalent networks do not contain a specific number of atoms, they always combine in ____ ratio of elements.

A

fixed

33
Q

the simplest ratio of atoms in a covalent network

A

formula unit

34
Q

the mass of a formula unit

A

formula mass

35
Q

a negative ion

A

anion

36
Q

a positive ion

A

cation

37
Q

a bond formed by the attraction between the oppositely charged ions

A

ionic bond

38
Q

Ionic bonds typically form between a ____ and a ______

A

metal, nonmetal

39
Q

an ion formed from a group of atoms

A

polyatomic ion

40
Q

an orderly geometric arrangement consisting of millions or billions of ions all bonded by electrical attraction

A

ionic crystal

41
Q

the bonding in metals in which valence electrons are shared by all the atoms in the metal

A

metallic bonding

42
Q

a repeating unit in a crystalline solid arranged in a three-dimensional pattern

A

unit cell

43
Q

Molecules not arranged in a repeating, orderly pattern are

A

amorphous solids

44
Q

a chemical reaction that causes thermal energy to be absorbed and stored in the chemical bonds of the products

A

endothermic reaction

45
Q
A

Physical Science 9th Grade (11 decks)

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