Ideology of the Rulers: Tsars

Question 1

What ideology did the Tsars run on?

Answer 1

-Autocracy

Question 2

What is meant by a Tsarist autocracy?

Answer 2

-Absolute power by one person.

Question 3

What are 4 features of autocracy?

Answer 3

-Russification
-Orthodoxy
-Paternalism
-Practical necessity.

Question 4

What is meant by Russification?

Answer 4

-All nationalities should become Russian.

Question 5

What is meant by Orthodoxy? (how does the tsar uphold this principle)

Answer 5

-Acting as a moral judge on behalf of God.

Question 6

What is meant by paternalism?

Answer 6

-protection of subjects for good of nation
-‘semi-divine’

Question 7

What is meant by practical necessity?

Answer 7

-Russia is vast and diverse
-A liberal democracy would be impractical.

Question 8

What slogan was reinforced by the fundamental laws of 1832? (before Alexander II)

Answer 8

-Orthodoxy, autocracy and nationality.
-the emperor is an ‘unlimited monarch’

Question 9

Examples of Alexander II’s commitment to autocracy?

Answer 9

-Maintained respect for authority when he compensated prior serf owners after 1861 emancipation edict.
-Trial of 50.
-Assassination of the members of the people’s will.
-Emancipation maintained his control.

Question 10

Examples of Alexander II moving away from autocracy? (see other class on Alexander II)

Answer 10

-Emancipation of serfs 1861.
-Establishment of the Zemstvos
-new guidelines to allow expression of new and challenging ideas.
-Education reform and judicial reform.

Question 11

What was Alexander II about to sign into before his death?

Answer 11

-an agreement that would have likely led to a democratic government.

Question 12

What is meant by the ‘trial of 50’ held by Alexander II?

Answer 12

A trial of key political opponents.

Question 13

When did Alexander II revert strongly back to autocracy?

Answer 13

His assassination attempt in 1866

Question 14

Examples of Alexander III’s commitment to autocracy?

Answer 14

-Local Jp’s removed and replaced by land captains - directly appointed and answerable to the minister of the interior.
-Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order.
-Pobedonostev

Question 15

What did Alexander III immediately pass as he came into power?

Answer 15

Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order

Question 16

What was Statute concerning measures for the production of state security and social order? (Alexander III)

Answer 16

-A protection of himself and his family from opposition groups.

Question 17

What was Alexander III’s rule seen as?

Answer 17

-‘A rule of reaction and repression’
-intent on returning the stability of Russia.

Question 18

Who was Pobedonostev?

Answer 18

-Chief procurator of the holy synod- influence on religion
-enemy of ‘liberal democracy’
-‘dangerous delusions of the youth’

Question 19

Who did Alexander III execute in 1887?

Answer 19

Opposition- Lenin’s brother.

Question 20

Examples of Alexander III moving away from autocracy?

Answer 20

-Peasant land bank to provide cheap loans for the purchase of land
-Educational adjustments
-Attempting to deal with the famine.

Question 21

Examples of Nicholas II commitment to autocracy?

Answer 21

-The 1905 fundamental laws
-About to sign an agreement before his death that likely would have led to a democratic government.- hold on
-Army under personal command
-Celebrations of the Romanov command.

Question 22

What did the fundamental laws dialute?

Answer 22

-The impacts of the Zemstvo and the Duma

Question 23

When were the second fundamental laws passed into existance?

Answer 23

1905

Question 24

Examples of Nicholas II moving away from autocracy?

Answer 24

-‘abdication in order to save Russia’
-Introduction of the Duma.
-The October manifesto

Question 25

When did Nicholas celebrate the Romanov control?

Answer 25

1913.

Question 26

What was the October Manifesto?

Answer 26

-‘ended’ unlimited autocracy
-constitutional monarchy
-civil liberties
-Dumas.