unit 5

Question 1

nation

Answer 1

group of people with shared culture, desire to govern themselves

Question 2

nation example

Answer 2

french nation is made up of people who speak french, share french history and culture, and identify as french

Question 3

state

Answer 3

countries, must have permanent population, defined boundaries, sovereignty

Question 4

state example

Answer 4

the US, the UK

Question 5

nation state

Answer 5

homogeneous language, culture, religion, made up of primarily one nation, same borders as a state

Question 6

nation state example

Answer 6

republic of india, majority speaks hindi and is represented as the indian nation

Question 7

multinational state

Answer 7

at least 2 or more national groups coexisting as 1 state

Question 8

multinational state example

Answer 8

russian federation consits of multiple ethnicities and nationalities, have own language and culture

Question 9

multistate nation

Answer 9

nation stretches across multiple states

Question 10

multistate region example

Answer 10

korean people, dispersed across north and south korea

Question 11

stateless region

Answer 11

does not have recognized state, no political boundaries or government with sovereign rule

Question 12

stateless region example

Answer 12

the kurds, dispersed across several countries in the middle east, no sovereign state of their own

Question 13

autonomous region

Answer 13

region inside state, can govern itself with limited interference from national government

Question 14

semi-autonomous region

Answer 14

region inside state, has moderate ability to self-govern, national government can interfere

Question 15

semi-autonomous region example

Answer 15

hong kong within china, kurdistan region within iraq

Question 16

centripetal forces

Answer 16

helps unify a state, like a strong national identity

Question 17

unifying institutions

Answer 17

educational places and schools, military, churches, great infrastructure

Question 18

centrifugal forces

Answer 18

pull apart and disperse

Question 19

ethno-regionalism

Answer 19

minority group concentrated in a particular area

Question 20

irredentist movements

Answer 20

seek to recover “lost” land

Question 21

international boundaries

Answer 21

recognized lines that separate one state from another

Question 22

borderland

Answer 22

area that surrounds the boundary

Question 23

de jure

Answer 23

expressed by law

Question 24

de facto

Answer 24

action or what is practiced

Question 25

natural boundaries

Answer 25

when natural features divide countries

Question 26

geometric boundaries

Answer 26

lines drawn on a map without much interest in what is on the landscape

Question 27

antecedent boundaries

Answer 27

boundaries created before an area is known or populated

Question 28

subsequent boundaries

Answer 28

created after recognized settlement and often separate existing cultural groups

Question 29

international boundaries’ functions

Answer 29

disrupt traffic (good, people, information), separate governments and economic systems

Question 30

neocolonialism

Answer 30

more developed country uses political and economic influence over less developed countries

Question 31

choke points

Answer 31

small geographic areas where large amounts of goods or people pass through

Question 32

shatterbelts

Answer 32

2 or more regions next to each other competing and fighting to influence

Question 33

cultural shatterbelts

Answer 33

region where different cultures come into contact and conflict with each other

Question 34

geopolitics

Answer 34

attempts to explain why some countries have power and others do not

Question 35

unitary states

Answer 35

most power resides in central government, no hierarchy of powers, few cultural differences or minorities

Question 36

positives of unitary states

Answer 36

centripetal forces, stanndardized laws, greater efficiency

Question 37

negatives of unitary states

Answer 37

centrifugal forces, reduced local communities, can be more inefficient to local needs

Question 38

federal states

Answer 38

power is shared between sub units/regions, multiple levels of power, mostly found in multi-ethnic and geographically large countries or countries with high minority populations

Question 39

devolution

Answer 39

transfer of power or authority from a central government to a sub unit or lower administrative level

Question 40

devolution factors

Answer 40

division of groups by physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic/social problems, irredentism

Question 41

ethnic separatism

Answer 41

mainly religion, language, or ethnicity related differences

Question 42

ethnic cleansing

Answer 42

mass explusion or killing of members of an “unwanted” ethnic or religious group in a society

Question 43

terrorism

Answer 43

violence against civilians for political reasons

Question 44

economic and social problems

Answer 44

strife that can lead to the devolution and altering of states

Question 45

irredentism

Answer 45

when a state wants to annex (attach) a territory whose population is ethnically similar

Question 46

voting districts

Answer 46

geographic areas established to control who votes where (districts, wars, precincts, etc)

Question 47

redistricting

Answer 47

to redraw voting districts across a county to take into account changes over time

Question 48

gerrymandering

Answer 48

dividng or arranging election districts in a way that gives someone an advatnage

Question 49

self-determination

Answer 49

concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Question 50

frontier

Answer 50

forms edge of settled part of two countries, neither state has political control

Question 51

supranational organization

Answer 51

member states joined together to create foreign and security policies, mutual rights, and combined politics and economies

Question 52

supranational organization example

Answer 52

the european union (eu)