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geography 2024 a level > Glaciers Case Studies > Flashcards

Glaciers Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Greenland

How much ice cover does Greenland have?

A

80%

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2
Q

Greenland

What percent of the population is Inuit?

A

88%

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3
Q

Greenland

Between 1992 and 2001 how much did the ice decrease by per year?

A

34 Gigatonnes

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4
Q

Greenland

Between 2002 and 2011 how much did the ice decrease by per year?

A

215 gigatonnes

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5
Q

Greenland

What is the population of Greenland?

A

56,000

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6
Q

Greenland

How much ice does Greenland shed in an average year?

A

250 billion tonnes

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7
Q

Greenland

How many mm of sea level rise per decade?

A

7mm

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8
Q

Greenland

Per cm of sea level rise, how many people are at risk of flooding?

A

6 million

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9
Q

Greenland

How many polar bears are in Greenland?

A

4 colonies

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10
Q

Greenland

What temperature rise has Greenland seen in the past decade?

A

0.75 degree rise

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11
Q

Yamal

What local community live in the peninsula?

A

Nenets

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12
Q

Yamal

How much carbon does the permafrost contain?

A

Double the amount in the atmosphere

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13
Q

Yamal

How many nomads does reindeer herding support?

A

10,000

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14
Q

Yamal

How much of the world’s gas is contained in the peninsula?

A

Almost 1/4

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15
Q

Yamal

How many reindeer herders have already been evicted?

A

150

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16
Q

Yamal

Who is behind the Yamal Megaproject?

A

Gazprom

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17
Q

Lake District

How wide have the 2 metre paths in the Lake District been made?

A

12m

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18
Q

Lake District

How much does 300m of pathway cost to fix?

A

£45,000

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19
Q

Lake District

How many tourists visit the Lake District each year?

A

16 million

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20
Q

Lake District

How much money did visitors spend in the Lake district?

A

£1.1 billion

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21
Q

Lake District

How long ago did fix the fells launch?

A

20 years ago

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22
Q

Nepal

When was Sagarmatha National Park created?

A

1976

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23
Q

Nepal

How many people attempt to climb Everest each year?

A

600

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24
Q

Nepal

How much trash does each climber of Everest generate?

A

8kg

25
Q

Nepal

From 2019, how much money must be paid as a deposit when climbing Everest?

A

$4000 - Given back if they bring back their rubbish

26
Q

Nepal

How many people live below the poverty line in Nepal?

A

1/4

27
Q

Iceland

Which volcano heats the Vatnajokull ice cap?

A

Grimsvotn

28
Q

Iceland

How much total discharge is in the lake formed from Vatnajokull?

A

0.5 - 3.5 km3

29
Q

Iceland

How much was the damage to infrastructure from the flood?

A

US $15 million

30
Q

Legal

Which countries are in the Alpine Convention?

A

Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Monaco, Slovenia, Switzerland

31
Q

Legal

When was the Alpine Convention invented?

A

1995

32
Q

Legal

Why have Switzerland not ratified any protocols of the Alpine convention yet?

A

Many of the Mountain Cantons opposed the convention as it was interfering with their control of the local area

33
Q

Zermatt

How many tourists visit the ski resort each year?

A

2 million

34
Q

Zermatt

What are 2 examples of how Zermatt is sustainable?

A
  1. The town is car free
  2. Visitors are encouraged to use electric taxis or bikes
35
Q

Zermatt

How much money do the Zermatt Bergbahnen spend on environmental projects for the slopes?

A

Up to 1 million Swiss francs

36
Q

Zermatt

How many protected forests does Zermatt have?

A

6

37
Q

Zermatt

How much forest would be lost if they had built the 2000 space car park in 2010?

A

9000 m2 of forest

38
Q

Polar Tourism

How many tourists visit the Antarctic each year?

A

40,000

39
Q

Polar Tourism

How much is a day trip to Antarctica?

A

£14,000

40
Q

Polar Tourism

What caused localised pollution of the Antarctic in 2007?

A

The MS explorer sinking in the Bransfield Straits

41
Q

What is the purpose of the Antarctic treaty?

A

To fully protect the environment of the Antarctica for research

42
Q

When was the Antarctic Treaty signed?

A

December 1959

43
Q

How many nations in the Antarctic treaty? Name 3?

A

12
UK US Russia

44
Q

In the town of Gap (fr) buses are free for how many people as an attempt to reduce emissions?

A

39,000

45
Q

What has the town of Arosa (Switzerland) done to offset carbon emissions?

A

Have a local tourism tax to buy carbon credits from a German biogas plant

46
Q

Alpine convention - how have they helped adapt in Bavaria?

A

Preventative flood measures have been implemented

47
Q

Legal

What is the aim of the Alpine convention?

A

To balance the needs of 14 million residents and 120 million tourists

48
Q

National scale management

What % of Alaska has some kind of protective status?

A

56%

49
Q

National Scale Management

How many national parks in Alaska?

A

15

50
Q

Economic value

How much electricity in Norway and New Zealand is derived from HEP?

A

Over 90%

51
Q

Economic value

How many HEP stations in Switzerland? How much of the electricity do they provide?

A

500
70% of electricity

52
Q

Economic value

What organisation carries out silviculture (forestry of upland areas) in the UK?

A

The Forestry Commission - mainly plant Sitka Spruce (non native, quick growing)

53
Q

Economic value

What percentage of people in Bolivia who live in the high Andes are subsistence farmers? What % of the countries GDP do they provide?

A

70%
30%

54
Q

Ecological value

How much of Earth’s fresh water is locked up in ice?

A

75%

55
Q

Ecological value

How many gallons of water is provided for Colorado from the Arapaho Glacier?

A

260 million

56
Q

Ecological value
How much carbon does the Antarctic ice sheet store?

A

20,000 billion tonnes

57
Q

Scientific value

Where has a gene pool of wild organisms been created?

A

The Global Seed Bank in Svalbard

58
Q

Scientific Value

Where do bird communities frequently migrate to?

A

The Alaskan North Slope

59
Q

Wilderness contribution

Who is a Wilderness poet and where was he from?

A

Robert W Service
Alaska

geography 2024 a level (4 decks)

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