Theory unit 2 - Inglesa III

Question 1

what is conflict?

Answer 1

the actual or perceived opposition of needs, values and interests

Question 2

types of conflict (6)

Answer 2

economic, environmental, intrapersonal, interpersonal, relationship, emotional, etc

Question 3

causes of conflict (4)

Answer 3

communication failure, value differences, personality, lack of cooperation ,etc

Question 4

main features of C (3)

Answer 4

• disagreement
• parties involved
• perceived threat

Question 5

responses to C (3)

Answer 5

• emotional: feelings we experience
• cognitive: our ideas and thoughts about it
  eg: “who the fuck does he think he is?!”
• physical: stress, bodily tension, increase respiration, etc

Question 6

the natural character of C is: (3) - killman

Answer 6

misscomunication
differences in opinion
different resources

Question 7

difference between compromising and collaborating - killman

Answer 7

compromising: each person gets their needs fullfill partially
collaborating: both person get all their needs met, by sharing about their needs and wants

Question 8

Conflict styles and their consequences (5)

Answer 8

• competing: one’s own needs are advocated over the needs of others
  consec: we might force others to accept our solution but this may be accompanied by fear or resentment
• accomodating: when one yield to the needs of others
  consec: we may build up frustrations that our needs are unmet
• avoiding
  consec: both parties may remain clueless about the real underlying issues and concerns
• compromising: people gain and give in in a series of tradeoffs
  consec: we may feel ok about the outcome but still harbor resentment in the future
• collaborating:
  consec: none, we are likely to have a better future understading and goodwill

Question 9

what does the author of “the secret to nonviolent resistance” compare non-v r to?

Answer 9

nonviolent resistance is just as complex as military warfare
its participants must be well trained and have clear objectives which there’s need to have a strategy to achieve them

Question 10

what’s a way of guaranteeing the efectiveness of nonviolent action?

Answer 10

is by learning where it has worked and how we can make it more powerful
eg: guatemala and unganda

Question 11

theories of agression (7)

Answer 11

• the frustration-agression t
• relative deprivation t
• cue-arousal t
• excitation transfer t
• social learning t
• deindividuation
• environmental stressors - temp
  - crowding

Question 12

what’s the relation of the media with mass murderers?

Answer 12

the media has a role in mass murder as they glorify and revere the people who takes lifes

Question 13

mass killer’s characteristics (6)

Answer 13

• young males
• long-standing fascination for weapons
• resentful about real or imagined rejections
• tend to ruminate about past humillations
• long for power and revenge
• usually let sb know about what they’re gonna do

Question 14

what does gun control refer to?

Answer 14

it refers to any action taken by the government to regulate the sale, purchase, safety and use of handguns and other firearms used by citizens

Question 15

arguments in favour of gun control (3)

Answer 15

• restrictions that have been proposed into law:
  
  • background checks
  • waiting periods
  • mandatory child-safety locks
  • bans on small or lightweight guns
• when most citizens are armed, criminals work to be better armed and readier to use them
• those who don’t own guns become more vulnerable

Question 16

arguments against gun control:

Answer 16

• some believe that we are safer when more individuals have guns bc armed citizens can defend themselves
• the 2nd amendment: constitutional right to own firearms
• mental health factor: if you give a gun to the wrong person, they’re gonna do the wrong thing with it
  “it’s not the guns, it’s the people”

Question 17

what’s the relation between technology and gun control?

Answer 17

technology has made our world increasingly open but this openness may have unintended consequences as some people use tech for the good and others for the ill

Question 18

examples of wrong use of tech (3)

Answer 18

• terrorist attack on mumbai
• quadcopter swarms that can be loaded with firearms
• 3d printers can make guns

Question 19

what’s a dilemma

Answer 19

problem offering at least 2 solutions of which none are practically acceptable

Question 20

types of dilemmas (3)

Answer 20

• ethical D
• hedgehog’s D
• cornelian D

Question 21

what’s the ethical dilemma?

Answer 21

a situation that will often involve an apparent conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing the other

Question 22

what’s the hedgehog’s dilemma?

Answer 22

a group of hedgehogs seek to become closer to one another to share their heat duing the winter but by doing so they hurt each other with their sharp quills

Question 23

what does Schopenhauer and Freud have describe with the hedgehog’s dilemma?

Answer 23

to describe the state in which individuals will find themselves in relation to others as human intimacy cannot occur without substantial harm

Question 24

what’s the cornelian dilemma?

Answer 24

dilemma in which someone is obliged to chose between 2 courses of action either of which will have a detrimental effect on themselves or others

Question 25

after who is the cornelian dilemma named?

Answer 25

its named after french dramatist Pierre Corneille, in whose play Le Cid, the protagonist is torn between 2 desires:
- keeping his gf or avenging his father

Question 26

what are GMOs?

Answer 26

crop plants created for consumption using molecular biology techniques
- genes artificially modified

Question 27

advantages of GMOs (6)

Answer 27

• insect resistance
• stronger crops that can withstand extreme weather
• decrease in global warming
• new products (eg: decaffeinated coffee beans)
• more appealing to eat
• need less land, water

Question 28

disadvantages of GMOs (4)

Answer 28

• allergic reaction
• harms organisms in the ecosystem
• food price increases
• increase the strangehold of biotech companies

Question 29

golden rice vs programmes based on food supplements

Answer 29

gm golden rice has yet to see the light of day after being presented 15 years ago

programmes based on food supplements and vitamin A rich vegetables have helped address the problem of vitamin-A deficiency in the Philippines and Bangladesh

Question 30

humans have been altering the genetic makeup of plants for millenia through:

Answer 30

• grafting: mixing 2 differents species to create a new variety. eg: half-tomato/ potato plant
• random mutagenesis: induces uncharacterized mutations into plants
  eg: rice for babies

Question 31

what are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 31

they are undifferentiated cells which are capable of developing into cells that serve numerous functions in different parts of the body

Question 32

arguments in favour of ES cells (2)

Answer 32

• they can help trauman to the brain, spinal cord, the heart, parkinson’s disease
• they can be considered a lot better therapeutically than adult’s stem cells

Question 33

arguments against ES cells (2)

Answer 33

• in the US, 400.000 embryos have been destroyed or kept for long periods on labs
• Adult stem cells will prosper if they get the money that’s going to ES cells

Question 34

characteristics of ES cells (2)

Answer 34

• ability to self-renew
• high capacity to differentiate into more specialized cells

Question 35

what are Induced Pluripotent Stem cells?

Answer 35

they are cells derived from other cells (skin, blood) that have been reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like state
! they can be generated from individual patients

Question 36

benefits of IPS cells (3)

Answer 36

• avoid inmune rejection
• benefits for infertile couples
• helps in drug development

Question 37

ES cells and religion (5)

Answer 37

• roman catholic church: affirm the sactity of human life at all stages of religion
• less conservative protestant churches: believes that the embryo has a potential human status
• judaism: considers the ultima goal of human ES cell research to be life saving
• Islam: believes that the soul is “breathed in” to the human embryo on the 40th day after fertilization and this is when it becomes sacred
• Buddhism and Hinduism: prohibit harm to any sentient beings