Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Which of the following best describes pharmacodynamics?
a) The study of drug interactions with the body
b) The study of drug effects on the body
c) The study of drug metabolism in the body
d) The study of drug distribution in the body

Answer 1

b) The study of drug effects on the body

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of drug action?
a) Receptor interactions
b) Enzyme interactions
c) Physical interactions
d) Pharmacokinetic interactions

Answer 2

d) Pharmacokinetic interactions

Question 3

Drugs exert their effects on the body primarily by:
a) Altering genetic makeup
b) Modifying cellular structure
c) Interacting with molecular targets
d) Enhancing organ function

Answer 3

c) Interacting with molecular targets

Question 4

The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its:
a) Efficacy
b) Safety margin
c) Duration of action
d) Absorption rate

Answer 4

b) Safety margin

Question 5

Which factor can influence the pharmacodynamic response to a drug?
a) Gender
b) Blood type
c) Hair color
d) Shoe size

Answer 5

a) gender

Question 6

Age-related changes in physiology can affect drug response primarily by:
a) Increasing drug metabolism
b) Decreasing receptor sensitivity
c) Enhancing drug excretion
d) Facilitating drug absorption

Answer 6

b) Decreasing receptor sensitivity

Question 7

Genetic differences between individuals can impact drug response by affecting:
a) Drug metabolism
b) Drug distribution
c) Drug excretion
d) Drug absorption

Answer 7

a) Drug metabolism

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a pharmacodynamic drug interaction?
a) Grapefruit juice inhibiting drug metabolism
b) Antacids reducing drug absorption
c) NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants
d) Antibiotics altering gut flora

Answer 8

NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants

Question 9

Placebo effects are an example of which factor influencing pharmacodynamics?
a) Genetic variability
b) Psychological factors
c) Disease states
d) Drug interactions

Answer 9

b) Psychological factors

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a receptor type involved in pharmacodynamic interactions?
a) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
b) Enzyme receptors
c) Ligand-gated ion channels
d) Voltage-gated ion channels

Answer 10

b) Enzyme receptors

Question 11

The phenomenon where prolonged exposure to a drug leads to reduced response over time is known as:
a) Tolerance
b) Sensitization
c) Potentiation
d) Dependence

Answer 11

a) Tolerance

Question 12

Which term describes the maximal effect a drug can produce, regardless of dose?
a) Potency
b) Efficacy
c) Selectivity
d) Affinity

Answer 12

Answer: b) Efficacy

Question 13

Which factor is NOT considered when determining a drug’s therapeutic index?
a) Toxicity
b) Efficacy
c) Route of administration
d) Side effects

Answer 13

Answer: c) Route of administration

Question 14

Which of the following drugs would likely have the narrowest therapeutic index?
a) Warfarin
b) Acetaminophen
c) Ibuprofen
d) Aspirin

Answer 14

a) Warfarin

Question 15

Which term describes the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after administration?
a) Onset of action
b) Duration of action
c) Half-life
d) Peak plasma concentration

Answer 15

a) Onset of action

Question 16

List the 4 main types of receptors and their time of actions

Answer 16

Ligand gated ion channel- milliseconds,
G protein coupled receptors: seconds
Receptor kinases: Hours
Nuclear receptors (DNA)- Hours to days.

Question 17

Affinity in response to Kd- concentration at which half of the drug is bound to the receptor

Answer 17

Affinity = 1/Kd

Question 18

How does EC50 correlate to potency?

Answer 18

The lower the EC50, the higher the potency.

Question 19

Emax refers to?

Answer 19

The maximal response elicited by the drug

Question 20

What has the same EC50 but different maximal response

Answer 20

When there is a non-competitive antagonist with the agonist.