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MN Pharmacology > Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic > Flashcards

Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic Flashcards

1
Q

Activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors leads to:
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Bronchoconstriction
D) Increased glycogenolysis

A

A) Vasoconstriction

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a catecholamine?
A) Epinephrine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Phenylephrine

A

D) Phenylephrine

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3
Q

Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily responsible for mediating bronchodilation?
A) Alpha-1
B) Alpha-2
C) Beta-1
D) Beta-2

A

Answer: D) Beta-2

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4
Q

Which of the following drugs is a non-selective beta-blocker?
A) Atenolol
B) Metoprolol
C) Propranolol
D) Labetalol

A

C) Propranolol

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5
Q

The primary clinical use of epinephrine is:
A) Treatment of hypertension
B) Treatment of asthma
C) Treatment of bradycardia
D) Treatment of anaphylaxis

A

D) Treatment of anaphylaxis

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6
Q

Which of the following drugs is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist?
A) Prazosin
B) Atenolol
C) Metoprolol
D) Carvedilol

A

A) Prazosin

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7
Q

Which adrenergic receptor subtype is primarily found in the heart and kidneys?
A) Alpha-1
B) Alpha-2
C) Beta-1
D) Beta-2

A

C) Beta-1

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8
Q

The primary clinical use of norepinephrine is:
A) Treatment of hypotension
B) Treatment of asthma
C) Treatment of bradycardia
D) Treatment of anaphylaxis

A

A) Treatment of hypotension

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9
Q

What is an example of a mixed alpha and beta antagonist?

A

Drugs in this class include carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Trandate) and dilevalol (Unicard).

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10
Q

Activation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors leads to:
A) Vasodilation
B) Increased heart rate
C) Bronchoconstriction
D) Increased glycogenolysis

A

B) Increased heart rate

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11
Q

Activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in bronchi leads to:
A) Vasodilation
B) Decreased heart rate
C) Bronchodilation
D) Increased glycogenolysis

A

C) Bronchodilation

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of methyldopa

A

It can cause haemolytic anemia and hepatoxicity- contraindicated in pt with liver disease

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13
Q

What is the MOA of direct alpha adrenoceptor antagonist

A

Blocks vasoconstriction, and use to treat chronic hypertension (Prazosin)

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14
Q

What is the MOA of direct beta adrenoreceptor antagonist (non-selective)?

A

Stimulation of beta receptors can lead to the release of adrenaline, which causes the constriction of blood vessels. Nonselective beta-blockers inhibit all beta receptors resulting in decreased: Heart rate. Contraction of heart muscles.

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15
Q

Why do patients only take 1 dose a day for beta blocker instead of 2 dose a day for its effect despite the short half life of 12 hrs?

A

Beta blockers reduce blood pressure by 2 mechanisms, 1 via the direct mechanism, which decreases the force of contractility and heart rate. The second mechanism acts on the renin aldosterone angiotensin pathway, which has a longer effect, due to its longer pathway, which decreases BP.

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16
Q

Which b1 adrenoceptor antagonist does not have local anaesthetic action on the eye?

A

Betaxolol

17
Q

What is the reason for caution of beta blockers in diabetes?

A

They can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia ( eg, tremor and heart pounding by the sympathetic nervous system is reduced)

18
Q

Name a indirect anti-adrenergic and the MOA

A

Dexmedetomidine- decreases the NE release, which causes a reduced in visceral vasoconstriction and increases sedation and hypotension

19
Q

What is the action of methyldopa

A

It is a indirect adrenergic antagonist which inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase- which results in formation of false transmitter methynoradrenaline.- which decrease BP.

20
Q

What is the renal action of dopamine? At low doses

A

Renal vasodilation, resulting increased diuresis,
reduced sodium reabsorption, increases natriuresis.

21
Q

Which system is affected by alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 2

A

GI system, decreased motility and decrease secretion- in sympathetic action

22
Q

What does isoprenaline do?

A

It is a beta agonist that help with asthma and cardiac resuscitation

23
Q

What is a non-selective alpha adrenoreceptor

A

oxymetazoline- vasoconstriction - nasal decongestant.

24
Q

what is mirabegron used for

A

It is a beta 3 agonist, used for overactive bladder.

25
Q

Mao Inhibitors MOA and example

A

Moclobemide increases the biological availability of catecholamines, blocks MAO.

26
Q

What drug fulfils this action of blocking the reuptake of Norepinephrine

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

27
Q

Why is ephedrine only administered as nasal decongestant?

A

It is able to have direct alpha and beta adrenoceptor agonist activity.

28
Q

What are competitive substrates for MAO?

A

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine

29
Q

What has both alpha 1 and beta 1 agonist- list 3

A

Doapmine (both equal) Norephinephrine (more alpha than beta) and epinephrine (more beta than alpha)

30
Q

What is a centrally acting anti-hypertensive?

A

Clonidine

MN Pharmacology (11 decks)

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