Hyperlipidemia Pharmacology

Question 1

Which class of drugs primarily targets the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis?
a) Fibric acid derivatives
b) Bile acid sequestrants
c) Statins
d) PCSK9 inhibitors

Answer 1

c) Statins

Question 2

Ezetimibe primarily works by inhibiting which process?
a) Cholesterol absorption in the intestine
b) Hepatic cholesterol synthesis
c) LDL receptor degradation
d) Triglyceride synthesis

Answer 2

a) Cholesterol absorption in the intestine

Question 3

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with fibric acid derivatives?
a) Myopathy
b) Hepatotoxicity
c) Flushing
d) Gallstones

Answer 3

Answer: d) Gallstones

Question 4

Which drug class enhances the clearance of LDL cholesterol by increasing the number of LDL receptors on hepatocytes?
a) PCSK9 inhibitors
b) Bile acid sequestrants
c) Fibrates
d) Nicotinic acid derivatives

Answer 4

a) PCSK9 inhibitors

Question 5

The main mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants involves:
a) Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis
b) Inhibition of cholesterol absorption
c) Increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids
d) Sequestration of bile acids in the intestine

Answer 5

d) Sequestration of bile acids in the intestine

Question 6

Which of the following drugs may increase HDL cholesterol levels?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Fibrates
d) Bile acid sequestrants

Answer 6

c) Fibrates

Question 7

Which drug class is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Bile acid sequestrants
d) Fibric acid derivatives

Answer 7

d) Fibric acid derivatives

Question 8

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with statin therapy?
a) Hyperglycemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Hypertension
d) Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 8

d) Rhabdomyolysis

Question 9

Which drug class acts by binding to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption, and promoting their excretion?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Fibrates
d) Bile acid sequestrants

Answer 9

d) Bile acid sequestrants

Question 10

Which of the following drugs inhibits cholesterol absorption by blocking the NPC1L1 transporter in the small intestine?
a) Fenofibrate
b) Ezetimibe
c) Gemfibrozil
d) Colesevelam

Answer 10

Answer: b) Ezetimibe

Question 11

Which lipid-lowering agent is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist?
a) Fenofibrate
b) Gemfibrozil
c) Clofibrate
d) Bezafibrate

Answer 11

a) Fenofibrate

Question 12

Which cholesterol drug cannot be used in pregnancy

Answer 12

Statins. Fibrates

Question 13

Which cholesterol drug causes gallstones

Answer 13

Fibrates

Question 14

What is the common side effects of most cholesterol medication (statin and fibrates)

Answer 14

Myalgia, rhabdomyolysis and skin rash

Question 15

Which 2 drugs causes steatorrhea?

Answer 15

Bile acid resin and Ezetimibe

Question 16

What are the side effects of bile acid resins

Answer 16

1). Diarrhoea (i.e. Steatorrhoea): Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
3). Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
2). Constipation: Due to their Bulkiness.
4). Bloating
5). Impairs Fat-Soluble Vitamin (A, D, E, K) Absorption causing vitamin deficiency.

Question 17

What are the side effects of ezetimibe

Answer 17

1). Diarrhoea (i.e. Steatorrhoea): Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
2). Abdominal Pain: Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
3). Headache
4). Rash
5). Angioedema

Question 18

Side effects of statins

Answer 18

1. Mild hepatotoxicity
   2) Myalgia (Muscle Aches and Pain)
   3). Gastrointestinal Problems (Abdominal Cramps, Constipation and Diarrhea)
   4). Insomnia
   5). Skin Rash
   6). Myopathy (Rhabdomyolysis)

Question 19

Side effects of fibrates

Answer 19

1). Gastrointestinal Problems (Nausea)
2). Skin Itchiness (Pruritus) and Rash
5). Myopathy (Rhabdomyolysis)
4). Myositis (Muscle Inflammation)
3). Gallstones: Due to decreased production of bile acids, which causes the cholesterol to precipitate in the gallbladder

Question 20

Side effects of PCSK9

Answer 20

1). Injection Site Inflammatory Reactions (Redness, Itchiness, Swelling and Pain)
2.Increased Risk of Infections (Upper Respiratory Tract and Urinary Tract Infections)
3. Increased Incidence of Nasopharyngitis and Sinusitis

Question 21

Which statins have a longer half life

Answer 21

Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin have long half-lives (t1/2:20hrs) and can be taken at other times of the day to optimize
compliance.