physical examination Flashcards
dog - average respiratory rate? note - can’t take if panting
10-30 breaths per minute
dog and cat - capillary refill time?
Equal to or less than 2 seconds from initial blanch to resumption of normal pink colour.
dog - heart rate?
60-128bpm
Large breeds, working (fit) dogs, and relaxed dogs tend to have lower heart rates. Smaller breeds, and unfit sedentary pets tend to have higher heart rates.
dog - normal temp?
38.3 to 38.7 degrees celsius
cat - respiratory rate? note - can’t take if purring
20-30 breaths per minute (up to 40 in stressed cats)
cat - normal temp?
38.0 to 38.5 degrees celsius
cat lung field parameters?
The lung field is small. The triangular region is bordered by the caudal aspect of the forelimb cranially, dorsally by the epaxial muscles, and caudally by a line curving dorsally from just behind the elbow to the 11th intercostal space.
cat heart rate?
160-200 beats per minute
Stressed cats can be around 220-240bpm.
dog lung field parameters?
The triangular region is bordered by the caudal aspect of the forelimb cranially, dorsally by the epaxial muscles, and caudally by a line drawn from just behind the olecranon passing through the middle of the 8th rib to reach the dorsal part of rib 11. Drawing the forelimb forwards increases access to the cranioventral lung
dogs and cats - what does TPR stand for?
- Temperature (rectal)
- Pulse rate (normally synchronous with the heart rate)
- Respiratory rate
if there are abnormal changes to these, it’s not a good sign..
dogs and cats - three factors looked at to assess hydration status?
- mucous membranes (should feel moist, not tacky)
- skin turgor (skin tent should quickly fall back into place)
- bodyweight (60% of an animal’s bodyweight is water - rapid weight gain/loss is probably water, as opposed to fat or muscle)
what three parts of a physical examination often change if an animal is unwell?
- TPR (and capillary refill time)
- hydration status
- pain
c & d - where do we normally palpate for a pulse?
medial thigh - femoral artery (located in the inguinal region, at the crease where the limb joins the body)
which commonly palpated lymph nodes have different names between anatomists and clinicians?
- Mandibular lymph node (anatomical) = Submandibular lymph node (clinician)
- Superficial cervical lymph node (anatomical) = Prescapular lymph node (clinician)
What is an otoscope?
An otoscope is a device used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane (not used in horses)
Why is performing a rectal examination considered a standard part of the physical examination of an intact male dog?
to check his prostate - prostatic disease is very common in intact male dogs
Which heart valve is best heard on the right side of the thoracic wall?
tricuspid (right AV) valve
there’s only one lymph node you can palpate on a horse - which is it?
submandibular
