DESIGN Flashcards
Branch of mechanics which studies the effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which are and remain at rest
Statics
a contact resistance by one body when the second body moves or tends to move past the first body
Friction
The maximum amount of strain-energy the material can absorb just before it fractures
Modulus of Toughness
energy stored in a material due to its
deformation
Strain energy
Represents the largest amount
of internal strain energy per unit volume the material can absorb without causing any permanent damage to the material
Modulus of Resilience
Ability to absorb energy in plastic range
Modulus of Toughness
Ability to absorb energy in the elastic range
Modulus of Resilience
Refers to the property of a material which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed.
Elasticity
refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking
Ductility
material’s resistance to indentation
Hardness
Inverse of Stiffness
Flexibility
ability to resist a deformation within the linear range
Stiffness
material’s resistance to fracture
Toughness
Any material that can be
subjected to large strains before it fractures
Ductile Material
Materials that exhibit little or no
yielding before failure
Brittle Materials
has the same physical and
mechanical properties throughout its volume or material has the same composition at any point
Homogeneous material
Has same physical and mechanical
properties in all directions
Isotropic material
Has material properties at a particular point, which differ along three mutually-
orthogonal axes
Orthotropic material
All cross sections are the same throughout its length
Prismatic
When a material has to support a load for a very long period of time, it may continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs or its usefulness is
impaired.
Creep
Time Dependent Deformation
Creep
When a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes its structure to breakdown, ultimately leading to fracture.
Fatigue
Lateral deflection that occurs when long slender members are subjected to an axial compressive force.
Buckling
A slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will result in a breakdown of the material and causes it to deform permanently.
Yielding
The deformation that occurs during yielding.
Plastic Deformation
When yielding has ended, an
increase in load can be supported by the specimen, until it reaches a maximum stress referred to as the
ultimate stress. This deformation is called:
Strain Hardening:
This occurs when the cross-sectional area will begin to decrease in a localized region of the specimen, until the specimen breaks at the fracture stress.
Necking
Those that pass through no. 4 sieve
Fine Aggregates
used in cocrte may be fine aggregates
and coarse.
Aggregates
a mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates
Concrete
used in mixing concrete shall be clean free dram injurious amounts of oils, acid, alkalis, salts, organic materials or other substance that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement
Water
It is measured by seismometer
Actual displacement
it is the point through which the
resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force
acts
Center of Gravity
it is the point through which the
applied seismic force acts
Center of mass
is the point where the object
“suffers” no torque by the effect of the gravitational force acted upon it
Center of Gravity
structural member ha the ratio of its
unsupported height to its least lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support axial load
Column
The point through which the
resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts.
Center of stiffness
a short edge beam projecting from a column to support a weight
Corbel
The addition of energy – absorbing
components into a structural building frame to reduce lateral deflections and lessen the stresses imparted
into the frame when subjected to high wind or seismic forces.
Damping
It is the total design
lateral force at the base of a structure.
Design seismic base shear
Property of a material enables it to under large permanent strains before failure.
Ductility
it refers to the ability of a material to
deform in the plastic range without braking
Ductility
it refers to the property of a material
which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed
Elasticity
it is the distance between the center
of rigidity and center of mass
Eccentricity
The geographical point on the surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake.
Epicenter
The originating earthquake source of the elastic waves inside the earth which cause shaking of ground due to earthquake.
Focus
besides the epicenter, it describes the
location of the earthquake
Focal depth
stress is proportional to the strain
within the elastic region
Hooke’s Law
the material has the same composition
at every point but the elastic may not be the same in
all direction
Homogenous
The principle used in equations related to the
deformation of axially loaded material.
Hooke’s Law
retarding force acting opposite in
motion
Kinetic Friction