S1.3 Electron configurations SL Flashcards
What does the hydrogen emission spectrum show?
The hydrogen emission spectrum shows discrete lines corresponding to electron transitions between energy levels, providing evidence for the quantized nature of energy within the atom.
What type of radiation is emitted from electron transitions to the first energy level in hydrogen?
Transitions to the first level emit ultraviolet radiation, representing the highest energy transitions.
What type of radiation results from electron transitions to the second energy level in hydrogen?
Transitions to the second level emit visible light.
What type of radiation is emitted from electron transitions to the third energy level in hydrogen?
Transitions to the third level emit infrared radiation, indicating the lowest energy transitions.
Describe the relationship between color, wavelength, frequency, and energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
The electromagnetic spectrum is categorized by frequency, wavelength, or energy. Frequency and wavelength are inversely related, while energy directly correlates with frequency. This means high energy is associated with high frequency and short wavelength. The spectrum ranges from low-energy, long-wavelength radio waves to high-energy, short-wavelength gamma rays.
What is the difference between a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum?
A continuous spectrum displays all visible light wavelengths, appearing as white light composed of various colors. A line spectrum shows only specific wavelengths or frequencies of light as colored lines against a black background, unique to each element, serving as a method for element identification in spectroscopy.
How to find the max electrons in an energy level?
Use the formula 2n^2, where n is the principal energy level number. For example, the first level (n=1) can hold 2 electrons, and the second level (n=2) can hold 8 electrons.
What shape is an s orbital?
Spherical
Orientation of p orbitals?
Dumbbell-shaped along x, y, z axes.
What principle dictates the order in which electron orbitals are filled?
The Aufbau Principle, which states that lower energy orbitals are filled first.
According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, how many electrons can each orbital hold, and what is their spin relationship?
Each orbital can hold two electrons with opposite spins.
What does Hund’s Rule state about filling degenerate (same energy) orbitals?
Hund’s Rule states to fill degenerate orbitals singly before doubling up.
How are electrons adjusted for ions in electron configurations?
For positive ions, remove electrons from higher energy orbitals; for negative ions, add electrons to the lowest available orbitals. For transition metals, electrons are removed from 4s before 3d orbitals.
What are the electron configuration exceptions for Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu)?
Chromium: [Ar] 4s1 3d5. Copper: [Ar] 4s1 3d10.
