Reactivity 2.2 — SL Flashcards
The rate of reaction
The rate of reaction is defined as the change in concentration of the reactants or products over a given time period.
What methods can be used to monitor the rate of a chemical reaction?
The rate of a chemical reaction can be tracked by observing changes in mass, volume, pressure, conductivity, and through clock reactions.
What factors affect the rate of reaction?
The rate of reaction is influenced by temperature, surface area of reactant particles, pressure of gaseous reactants, and the presence of a catalyst.
What are the two essential conditions for a chemical reaction to occur between reactants?
- Reactants must collide with a minimum energy, known as the activation energy, which is necessary to break the bonds in the reactants.
- Reactants must collide with the correct orientation for the reaction to proceed.
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves
A statistical model showing the distribution of energies in the molecules contained in a sample of gas.
What does the Maxwell-distribution curve illustrate about particle energies, and what does the area under the curve represent?
The Maxwell-distribution curve illustrates the distribution of particle energies. The area under the curve represents the number of particles.
How does an increase in temperature affect the rate of reaction?
An increase in temperature raises the number of particles that have the minimum required activation energy for reaction upon collision, thereby accelerating the rate of reaction.
How does a catalyst work in a chemical reaction?
A catalyst lowers the activation energy by providing an alternative reaction pathway, facilitating the reaction to proceed more easily.
What is a colorimeter?
Colorimeter is a device used to measure changes in colour.
How is the volume of gas produced in a chemical reaction measured?
Using a gas syringe
Clock reaction
A reaction that changes colour periodically
