S3.1 The periodic table: SL Part 2 Flashcards
What is the trend in metallic and non-metallic behavior as you move from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
Metallic character decreases, and non-metallic character increases.
How does metallic character change as you move down a group in the periodic table?
Metallic character increases, and non-metallic character decreases.
What is a common property of metallic elements in terms of electron movement?
Metallic elements tend to lose electrons to form positive ions.
How do non-metallic elements typically behave in terms of electron movement?
Non-metallic elements tend to gain electrons to form negative ions.
How do ionisation energy and electron affinity influence metallic and non-metallic character?
Lower ionisation energies and higher electron affinities favor non-metallic character, while the opposite trends favor metallic character.
How do Group 1 metals react with water?
Group 1 metals react with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas, exhibiting increased reactivity down the group due to decreasing ionization energies. This leads to effects like fizzing, formation of molten balls, and sometimes ignition.
How do Group 17 elements react with halide ions?
Group 17 elements (halogens) undergo displacement reactions with halide ions based on electron affinity. A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halide ion, forming a new halide compound. Reactivity decreases down the group, with fluorine being the most reactive.
Describe the trend from basic metal oxides to acidic non-metal oxides across the periodic table.
The trend shows a shift from oxides that form basic solutions in water (metal oxides), through amphoteric oxides, to oxides that form acidic solutions (non-metal oxides), reflecting a change from ionic to covalent nature.
What is the reaction of Group 1 metal oxides with water?
Group 1 metal oxides react with water to form strongly basic metal hydroxides.
How do Group 2 metal oxides react with water?
Group 2 metal oxides react with water to form metal hydroxides, which are slightly less basic than those from Group 1 metals.
What is the product of carbon dioxide’s reaction with water?
Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), showing the acidic nature of non-metal oxides.
How do sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide react with water?
Sulfur dioxide forms sulfurous acid (H2SO3), and sulfur trioxide forms sulfuric acid (H2SO4) when reacted with water, indicating acidic behavior.
What are the general rules for deducing oxidation states in compounds?
The rules: pure elements have an oxidation state of 0, monoatomic ions have oxidation states equal to their charge, the sum of oxidation states in a neutral compound is zero, and for polyatomic ions, the sum equals the ion’s charge.
Assign positive oxidation states starting with the most metallic elements.
Why is the oxidation state of an element in its pure form always zero?
Because, within atoms of the same element, there’s no net electron transfer among them, maintaining an equal distribution of electrons. This applies to all physical states and molecular forms of the element.
