Chapter 5: Protista

Question 1

Domains of Life:
1. Bacteria- tiny, single-celled, widespread organisms (e.coli)
2. Archaea- tiny, simple extremophiles
3. Eukarya- multicellular plants, animals, and fungi

Common ancestor 3.8 BYA

Bacteria and Archaea- prokaryotes

Question 2

Domain Eukarya
Four kingdoms are found in Eukarya:
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________

Answer 2

1. Protista
2. fungi
3. plantae
4. animalia

Question 3

Domain Eukarya
Characteristics of Eukaryotes:
-_______________*
-membrane- bound __________
-may be unicellular or multicellular
-may have cell wall or not
-may be sexual or asexual
**_______________

Answer 3

-nucleus
-organelles
-**synapomorphies

Question 4

Protista (Protists)
Characteristics:
-most are unicellular (____________)
-some can be multicellular (red and brown algae)
-live in _______________ environments
-diversity life histories: some autotrophic (_______________), some heterotrophic, some parasitic, some decomposers

Different types of Protists we will cover in class:
1. Amoebas
2. Flagellates
3. Ciliates

Answer 4

-microscopic
-aquatic
-photosynthetic

Question 5

Protists- Amoebas
Amoebas
-move by extending their ________ to create _____________(false feet)
*continuously change shape
-use pseudopodia to move and to engulf food (_____________)
-motile, free living
-heterotrophs- gain nutrients from consuming other organisms

Answer 5

-cytoplasm
-pseudopodia
-phagocytosis

Question 6

Protista- Flagellates

Flagellates
-Protists with whip-like flagella (used for ______________)

Examples:
Euglena:
-photosynthetic
-have chloroplasts, green
-can ______________ when __________ isn’t available

Answer 6

-locomotion
-engulf particles
-light

Question 7

Protista- Flagellates
Examples:
Giardia:
-_____________
-causes ___________ issues in infected animals
-produce dormant cysts & when infected animals ____________ into water, can infect other animals

Triconympha:
-_____________ symbiotic relationship with _____________
-live in termite guts & break down ________________ for termite

Answer 7

-parasitic
-stomach
-defecates
-mutual
-termites
-cellulose

Question 8

Protista- Flagellates
Examples:
Dinoflagellates
-_______________(autotrophic)
-have _____________
- mostly marine, sometimes freshwater
-can cause _____________ & kill fishes with their toxins

Answer 8

-phytoplankton
-2 flagella
-red tide

Question 9

Protista- Ciliates
Ciliates
-contain thousands of ___________ projections called cilia that help with locomotion
-also use cilia to create a current and move food into _______________
-have _____________: macronucleus (control ___________ & development) and a micronucleus (___________)

Answer 9

-hair-like
-oral groove
-2 nuclei
-metabolism
-sexual reproduction

Question 10

Protista- Ciliates
Examples:
Paramecium:
-freshwater
-heterotrophic
-long __________ shape, completely ___________ in cilia
-reproduce __________ through binary fission

Blepharisma:
-____________ color
-like ________ places
-eats bacteria, rotifers but it eats other blepharisma (cannibalism), causes __________

Answer 10

-oval
-covered
-asexually

-pink
-dark
-gigantism

Question 11

Protista- Ciliates
Examples:
Stentor:
-___________ shaped
-one of the ___________ unicellular organisms (can see with the ____________)
-can _____________ from just 1/100th of its original size

Balantidium:
-intestinal ____________ of animals
-rarely infect ____________, but can cause major issues like intestinal ulcers
-pass cysts through excrement

Answer 11

-funnel/horn
-largest
-naked eye
-parasite
-human