Module 9 - sleep and dreams Flashcards
1
Q
What is sleep?
A
periodic natural loss of consciousness
2
Q
circadian rhythm
A
- internal biological clock of 24-hour cycle
- ex: body temp, hormone levels, sleepiness, and wakefulness
3
Q
four stages of sleep
A
- REM
- NREM1
- NREM2
- NREM3
4
Q
REM sleep
A
- rapid eye movement
- narrative, often bizarre dreams
- genital and autonomic arousal (except during very scary dreams)
- motor cortex active, but brainstem blocks motor commands
5
Q
NREM 1
A
- transition from awake to sleep
- slow breathing, irregular brain waves
6
Q
NREM 2
A
- rapid, rhythmic brain activity
- sleep spindles (type of brain waves)
7
Q
NREM 3
A
- deep sleep
- large, slow delta waves
8
Q
young adults vs older adult sleep
A
- young adults spend more time in REM and NREM3
- older adult spend more time in NREM1
9
Q
suprechiasmatic nuclei
A
- pacemaker of circadian timing
- light entering the eye signals the suprachiasmatic nuclei to suppress the pineal gland’s production of melatonin
- pineal gland releases melatonin again when in the dark
10
Q
5 reasons for sleep
A
- restore and repair damaged neurons
- REM and NREM-2 sleep help strengthen neural connections for long-term memories
- promotes created problem solving
- pituitary gland secretes growth hormone necessary for muscle development
- protects from getting hurt at night (?)
11
Q
effects of sleep loss (7)
A
- lack of energy
- depressed mood
- weight gain, and other metabolic issues
- suppressed immune function
- decreasing the life span
- accidents
- attention, cognitive difficulties
12
Q
insomnia
A
recurring difficulty falling/staying asleep
13
Q
narcolepsy
A
- sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks
- sometimes directly into REM sleep
14
Q
sleep apnea
A
- stopping of breathing while asleep
- repeated momentary awakenings
- common in overweight men
15
Q
night terrors
A
- high arousal and appearance of being terrified
- target children during first few hours of NREM3
