1.3 - Risk factors for CVD

Question 1

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 1

unsaturated have double bonds whereas saturated only have single bonds

Question 2

What is one monomers of carbohydrates called?

Answer 2

monosaccharide

Question 3

What is 2 monomers of carbohydrate called?

Answer 3

disaccharide

Question 4

What is many monomers of carbohydrates called?

Answer 4

polysaccharide

Question 5

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

Answer 5

(CH2O)n - where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule

Question 6

What are the 4 types of monosaccharides called? How many carbon atoms are in each?

Answer 6

1. triose sugars (3 carbon atoms)
2. tetrose sugars (4 carbon atoms)
3. pentose sugars (5 carbon atoms)
4. hexose sugars (6 carbon atoms)

Question 7

What sugar group is glucose in?

Answer 7

hexose sugar

Question 8

In what sort of reaction, do disaccharides form?

Answer 8

condensation

Question 9

What type of bond is form between 2 monosaccharides?

Answer 9

glycosidic bond

Question 10

What is formed from 2 glucose monosaccharides?

Answer 10

maltose

Question 11

What is formed from a glucose and fructose monosaccharide?

Answer 11

sucrose

Question 12

What is formed from a glucose and galactose monosaccharide?

Answer 12

lactose

Question 13

What by-product is produced in a condensation reaction?

Answer 13

water

Question 14

What is the reverse of a condensation reaction?

Answer 14

hydrolysis

Question 15

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 15

polymers & disaccharides can be broken down into monomers, breaking the glycosidic bonds using water molecule

Question 16

What are the 3 main polysaccharides of glucose?

Answer 16

starch, glycogen & cellulose

Question 17

What are the 2 types of glucose molecules?

Answer 17

• alpha & beta

Question 18

What is the monomer that starch is made up of?

Answer 18

alpha glucose

Question 19

Which 2 molecules does starch consist of? In what percentage proportions?

Answer 19

amylose (20-30%) & amlyopectin (70%-80%)

Question 20

Where is starch normally found? How is it stored?

Answer 20

in plants - intracellular starch grains

Question 21

1. What is starch produced from?
2. During what?

Answer 21

1. glucose
2. photosynthesis

Question 22

1. During what is starch broken down?
2. Why?

Answer 22

1. respiration
2. to provide energy

Question 23

What forms amlyopectin?

Answer 23

linking alpha glucoses in 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 24

What forms amylose?

Answer 24

linking alpha glucose molecules together w 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 25

1. What shape do amylose molecules form? 2. Why is this shape useful?

Answer 25

1. long spiral
2. lots of starch can be stored in small space

Question 26

How is amylose and amylopectin’s shape held in place?

Answer 26

w hydrogen bonds

Question 27

How is amylopectin’s structure different to amylose?

Answer 27

amylopectin has branches

Question 28

What is the monomer of amylopectin?

Answer 28

alpha glucose

Question 29

What is the monomer of glycogen?

Answer 29

alpha glucose

Question 30

What is the monomer of amylose?

Answer 30

alpha glucose

Question 31

What forms glycogen?

Answer 31

alpha glucose molecules linked together with alpha 1,4 & 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 32

What shape does glycogen have?

Answer 32

long spiral

Question 33

Does glycogen have branches?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

Are amylose, amylpectin & glycogen soluble?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 35

storage molecule of glucose in animals

Question 36

What sort of molecule is cellulose?

Answer 36

fibrous

Question 37

What is cellulose the main component of?

Answer 37

cell wall in plants

Question 38

How is cellulose formed?

Answer 38

beta glucose molecules joined together by 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 39

1. In cellulose, what angle is each glucose molecule rotated (relative to its neighbour)?
2. What does this result in?

Answer 39

1. 180°
2. straight chain