immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is immunity

A

-the way in which an organism protects itself against pathogenic viruses is known as an immune response
-body monitors constant exposure

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2
Q

what is natural immunity

A

present at birth
passive: antibodies transferred from mother at birth
active: direct contact with pathogens stimulates immune system to produce antibodies
-first line of defence against pathogens is the external barrier
-skin
-first line of defence against pathogens
-reflexes
-if it occurs the first response is inflammation and fever

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3
Q

what is acquired immunity

A

-pathogens have penetrated the body tissues and are actively destroyed and the body stores a memory of response
-protein molecules known as antigens occurs as markers on the surface
-the white blood cells (leukocytes) recognise the pathogen and immediately destroy them by the white blood cells
passive: body injected with antibodies
active: vaccinated with a dead or weaker form of pathogen

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4
Q

what is lymphocytes

A

occurs in lymph glands, spleen, blood
2 types: b lymphocytes and t lymphocytes

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5
Q

what are b lymphocytes

A

-have receptor proteins on their surface which attach to specific antigens on the surface of the pathogen
-recognition that they foreign
-multiplies and produces millions of new b lymphocytes
-the new ones produce antibodies (1000 p/s) and are released into the blood
-caused pathogen to burst

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6
Q

what are t lymphocytes

A

-recognise and destroy body cells that are infected by a virus
-viruses hide in infected host cells
-with the aid of the receptor proteins, recognises and destroys them

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7
Q

what are phagocytes

A

-large white blood cells that can change shape
-produced in red bone marrow
-they engulf pathogens by the process of phagocytosis
-antibodies produced by b lymphocytes facilitate the process

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8
Q

what is immunisation and vaccinations

A

-immunisation (vaccinations) is the administration of a vaccine by means of an injection or orally to develop immunity to a disease
-a vaccine consists of a dead of weakened form of pathogens, this stimulates the body

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