eukaryotes (cell) Flashcards
why are eukaryotes different to prokaryotes
-much bigger
-nucleus present w linear chromosome
-histones present; proteins that bind DNA for regulation
-membrane bound organelles
-more complex flagella
-cell wall structure differs
-genetic expression more complex
-cytoskeleton containing actin and tubulin
multicellular eukaryotes
must bind their cells together using adhesions
nucleus
control centre of cells
where is genetic material (DNA) contained?
in nucleus organized in chromosomes
where is the site of synthesis of RNA
Nucleus
whats an example of a eukaryote-only molecules contained in the nucleus
histones: regulatory proteins that control how cells transcribe DNA
cytoplasm
the rest of the cell other than nucleus
components of cytoplasm
endomembrane system
ribosomes
cytoskeleton
mitochondria and plastids
plasma membrane
others
egress
molecules specified in nucleus, synthesized in cytoplasm, secreted or released
nucleus mRNA, ER (RNA into proteins) , golgi, trasnport and secretory vesicles, plasma membrane
ingress
molecules/ structures detected at surface, taken into cell through membrane systems
through plasma membrane, early endosome, late endosome, lysosome
or through plasma membrane, eealry endosome, late endosome, golgi, ER
what makes eukaryotic cytoskeleton differ from prokaryotic cytoskeleton
actin and tubulin are eukaryotic advances
what is cytoskeleton
network of dynamic fibrils in cell, structural components of cell
functions of cytoskeleton
structure, facilitate transport of molecules and organelles through cell, controls cell division, facilitates cell movement
what has specific roles AND their own DNA in eukaryotic cells
mitochondria, chloroplasts and other plastids
mitochondria
powerhouse of cells
-generates ATP
-makes haem and specialized molecules iron-sulphur proteins
-cell signalling, control of cell cycle
