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Vets 1060 Veterinary Biology > fungi > Flashcards

fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what one of the 6 kingdoms does fungi belong to

A

opisthokonts

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2
Q

what was the ancestor of fungi

A

aquatic, single celled, flagellated protist

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3
Q

are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs

A

heterotrophs: depend on outside nutrient sources, feed by absorption

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4
Q

what are fungi

A

single celled or multicellular eukaryotes

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5
Q

what is a fungi’s rigid cell wall composed of

A

chitin

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6
Q

what can fungi produce that survive prolong periods in extreme environments

A

spores; require moisture to stimulate growth

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7
Q

what are the branching extensions called that grow from each spore

A

hyphae

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8
Q

what are hyphae designed for

A

increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

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9
Q

how do single cell fungi (yeast) replicate

A

budding

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10
Q

what temperature does fungi like, what does this make them

A

20-40 degrees celsius, mesophilic

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11
Q

fungi cell wall, characteristics and function

A

impart rigidity, osmotic stability and secretes enzymes to assist in nutrition
composed of chitin, glucans, mannans and glycoprotiens

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12
Q

fungi cell membrane is ____, what is the predominant sterol

A

bilayered, ergosterol

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13
Q

what are the 2 basic cell arrangements for fungi

A

multicellular branding (hyphae) or single cell (yeast)

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14
Q

a mat of entwining hyphae is called what

A

mycelium

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15
Q

some yeasts will produce elongate processes when budding known as

A

pseudohyphae (almost look like hyphae but not quite)

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16
Q

describe fungi asexual reproduction

A

exist in haploid state and reproduce clonally: mycelium
mitosis into spores and germination into more mycelium

17
Q

why does sexual reproduction in fungi often occur

A

in response to adverse environmental conditions

18
Q

sexual reproduction in fungi consists of what 3 stages

A

plasmogamy: =plasma comes together, haploid cell from 2 different mycelia fuse to form a heterokaryotic cell w 2 or more nuceli

karyogamy := nuclei come together the nuceli fuse to from diploid zygote

meiosis: haploid spores are formed and then germination into multicellular mycelium

19
Q

sexual stage of fungi is the

A

teleomorph

20
Q

asexual stage of fungi is the
_____
what two types of spores will it produce

A

anamorph stage

produce conidia or sporangium

21
Q

why do many fungi have 2 different names

A

they may have been disovered independently at different times in their different lifecycle stages (sexual/ teleomorph stage or asexual/anamorph stage)

22
Q

6 divisions of fungi

A

Chytridiomycota (oldest)
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
deuteromycota/ fungi imperfecti

23
Q

3 ways of classifying fungi

A

-microscopic fruiting bodies (ie mold)
-macroscopic fruiting bodies (ie mushrooms)
-single celled (yeast)

*some are dimorphic, can be like yeast in one environment and then change to hyphal growth in another environment

24
Q

soil mushrooms spend most of their life

A

underground invisible to us; it is only when they produce fruiting bodies that we can see them

25
Q

yeast tend to look like what when grown on agar

A

bacterial colonies

26
Q

why is fungi genetics so diverse

A

they have many non sexual methods of DNA recombinations

fungal nuclei contain viral like particles, transposable elements and enzymes that can cut and rearrange DNA sequences

27
Q

how do fungi recycle nutrients in the environemnt

A

digesting non living organic material

28
Q

how do they break down molecules to be absorbed by them and also other plants and organisms

A

by secreting a range of enzymes (exoenzymes)

29
Q

mycorrhiza

A

fungal root: ie fungi that have symbiotic relationship w the roots of many plants (some plants need them to grow well)

30
Q

where do fungi have symbiosis interactions with animals

A

in the gut of plant eating and animals and with farmer insects

31
Q

mycosis

A

disease caused by a fungus

32
Q

3 ways by which a fungi can cause disease

A

as an invasive pathogen

by producing a toxin that is ingested/ absorbed

by producing a hypersensitivity/ allergy

33
Q

dermatophytes

A

fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails

phylum; ascomycota

34
Q

most common yeast in vet care that causes ear infection and dermatitis

A

malessezia pachydermatis

35
Q

subcutaneous mycoses

A

fungal infections beneath the skin

example sporotrichosis (usually infect via wounds)

36
Q

systemic mycoses

A

fungal infections that invade deep organs, can cause paraplegia

37
Q

where is mycoses often seen in pets

A

aquatic reptiles, marine mammals, platypus, arachnids, often associated w water quality and temp and poor husbandry and hygiene

Vets 1060 Veterinary Biology (32 decks)

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