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Human Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Hematocrit (more like hematoSPLIT)

A

The ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume is the hematocrit.

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2
Q

Characteristics of whole blood

A

Red (hemoglobin),
clot,
104 fahrenheit
Ph 7.4

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3
Q

Organelles in Erythrocytes andLeukocytes

A

Erythrocytes - NO nucleus

Leukocytes - nucleus, cytoplasm, lysosomes, golgi body

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4
Q

Blood components that assist with immune function

A

Lymphocytes and Leukocytes (white blood cells)

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5
Q

When do you see an increase in each of the following Leukocytes

Esinophilis
Neutrophilis
Basophilis
Thrombocytes

A

When do you see an increase in each of the following Leukocytes

Esinophilis -Parasite, allergy, cancer

Neutrophilis -Bacterial infection

Basophilis -Infection, Leukemia, auto immune disorder

Thrombocytes -Infection, cancer, auto immune diorder

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6
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stopping the blood flow with platelets or thrombocytes

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7
Q

Pulmonary Circuit blood returning to the heat enters which part of the heart?

A

Left Atrium

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8
Q

Systemic Circuit blood returning to the heart enters which part of the heart?

A

Right Atrium

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9
Q

Visceral pericardium (peri=pearl=fancy box= case)

A

covers exterior surface of heart, also called the epicardium

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10
Q

Layers of the heart

A

Layers of the heart

1.Epicardium or visceral pericardium (EPI=Epic start)

2.Myocardium – thick muscular layer

3.Endocardium lines heart chambers (the end Minecraft)

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11
Q

Platelet storage location in the case of hemorrhage

A

Spleen

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12
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

A blood clot that forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery.

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13
Q

Coronary spasm

A

Tightening of artery walls

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14
Q

Myocardial Infraction

A

A heart attack occurs when blood flow is blocked to an area of the heart muscle

The section of heart muscle that is deprived of oxygen begins to die

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15
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Chest pain

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16
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A sudden blockage in your pulmonary arteries, the blood vessels that send blood to your lungs.

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17
Q

Heart chamber coronary veins empty into

A

Right Atrium

18
Q

Location of pulmonary and aortic valves and purpose

A

Semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the large vessels exiting the heart

*The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle

*The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle

19
Q

Atrium Function

A

Upper chambers receive blood

20
Q

Function of ventricles

A

the purpose of valves is to prevent backflow

20
Q

Purpose of papillary muscles in ventricles

A

Tendineae Attached to papillary muscles of heart wall. Anchors heart.

20
Q

Right and left pulmonary veins function and location of blood flow

A

the vessels that return blood to the heart from the lungs

between your lungs and your heart.

20
Q

Base vs. Apex of the heart

A

Base- Base (superior end) points towards the right shoulder

Apex- Point of the heart

20
Q

Mitral/Bicuspid valve locations

A

Atrioventricular (Tricupsid/mitral) valves are located between the atria and ventricles

21
Q

Purpose of pulmonary circuit

A

Pulmonary circulation is the circuit from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

21
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart.

21
Q

Possible result from hole in septum in infants

A

Mix blood, low oxygen saturation

21
Q

When are the different heart valves open and closed

A

Atrium to ventricle
AV valves are open as atria contract & ventricles fill
AV valves close when ventricles contract

21
Q

Foramen ovale location

A

commonly called a “hole in the heart”, results when the opening between the atria does not fully close after birth

middle cranial fossa

22
Q

. Which direction do atrioventricular valve cusps open

A
  • AV valves (Tricipid and Mitral) open into the ventricle
23
Q

Which side of the heart is a MI more severe on?

A

Left side

24
Q

Does the left side have to use more or less force to pump blood after MI?

A

More force

25
Q

Put structural components in correct order

A

SA AV HIS Bundle brancher

SA node is normal pace maker

26
Q

1st heart sound vs 2nd

A

First sound is caused by the closing of the AV valves

Second sound is caused by closing of the semilunar valves

27
Q

Systole vs disastole and heart

A

Diastole
ventricles are relaxed and passively filling with blood from the atria
the atria will contract at the end of diastole to force remaining blood into ventricles
AV valves are open; semilunar valves are closed to prevent blood in the aorta and pulmonary trunk from falling back into the ventricles

Systole
Ventricles contract to force blood out through the aorta (left side) and trunk (right side)
AV valves are closed; semilunar valves are open

28
Q

Direction of blood for most arteries and for most veins

A

Arteries- Away from heart (AA)

Veins- Towards heart

29
Q

4 problems of tetralogy and repair for each (PROVE)

A

P- Pulmonary semilunar valve stenosis- Partial or complete blockage of semilunar valve

R- Should resolve with other repairs

O- Shunt to redirect and separate mixed blood

V- Mesh to close hole

E- Hehe fake

29
Q

Highest blood pressure is in which tyoe of blood vessel

A

Arties- Since they are closer to the heart, they must be able to expand and withstand higher blood pressure

29
Q

What is the acronym for stroke (FAST)

A

F- Face: drops

A- Arm: Uneven strength
S- Speech: Garbled

T- Time: Call 911

30
Q

Waves of EKG

A

Order:
P
QRS
T
U

31
Q

Disease associated with increased leukocytes

A

leukemia

Human Anatomy (14 decks)

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