Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physical education paper 1 > Sport In Inustrial + Post Industrial Britain > Flashcards

Sport In Inustrial + Post Industrial Britain Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of rational recreation

A
  • emphasis on fair play
  • regular play
  • complex rules written by NGB’s
  • officials to enforce rules
  • purpose built facilities
  • had positions which performer became specialised in to help them win
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

social and cultural influences on the development of rational recreation

A
  • industrial revolution
  • urbanisation
  • transport revolution
  • communications
  • influence of the church
  • emergence of the middle class in a three-tier society
  • british empire
  • public provision and its influence on the devlopment and spread of rational recreation
  • development of national governing bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

industrial revolution

A

led to more of the population being concentrated in towns and cities and working in factories as opposed to living in the countryside and working off the land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

negative effects of industrial revolution on sports and pastimes

A
  • due to migration into urban areas led to lack of space to play mob football
  • lack of leisure time due to long working days
  • lack of income
  • poot health
  • loss of rights
  • lack of public provisions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

advantages of industrial revolution on sports and pastimes

A
  • health and hygiene improved
  • gradual increase of wages
  • new middle class developed
  • values of athleticism pass to lower class
  • industrial patronage
  • improvements of transport and communications
  • cheaper to travel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urbanisation

A
  • is large numbers of people migrating from rural areas into cities. key features;
    > lack of space
    > large working-class populations
    > loss of traditional sports
    > change in working conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

transport revolution

A

how development of railways helped development of sport;
- faster and further travel for performers
- improved access to parts of the country
- cheaper train travel
- improved access to country side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

communications

A
  • improvement to education for working class led to improvements of in their reading and writing abilities
  • communications improved as society became more literate. increased knowledge and awareness of sport. led to emergence of sporting heroes as people could read reports and relate to performers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

influence of the church

A
  • helped to promote sport and recreation among local communities
    why;
    > encouraged social control
    > viewed as a good way to promote Christian values
    how;
    > encouraged working class to participate
    > church organised teams, set up clubs and organised comps
    > provided facilities such as their church halls and playing fields
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

emergence of the middle class in a three-tier society

A

key ways members of middle class supported the development of sport;
- codification
- competitions developed via middle class development
- public provision - facilities developed by middle class via ‘local politicians’
- increased leisure time
- move to ‘professionalism’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

British empire

A

sport is seen as a very good and powerful way of installing moral values into people across the world and of binding the various people of the British empire together. young men educated to become leaders of the British empire spread the playing of games in a number of ways;
- as teachers they developed teams + taught values in schools throughout empire
- as factory owners set up teams and give time off to play competitive sport
- clergy developed church teams or became missionaries and took sport abroad
- officers in British army used sport with armed services and spread sport throughout the empire
- diplomats travelled the world and took sport with them
- they formed national governing bodies of sport which codified sports and established leagues and competitions which eventually spread internationally as well as nationally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

public provision and its influence on the development and spread of rational recreation

A
  • public baths in urban areas + industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working-class recreation
  • to combat poor living conditions and improve the health and hygiene of the working class, local authorities felt responsibility to apply for grants to provide public washing facilities + improve status as a town
  • increased public provision was made in the second half of the nineteenth century.
  • plunge baths developed for recreational use
  • such involvement was seen as a means of social control of the working class keeping them away from violence
  • also helped to improve productivity at work as workers became healthier.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

development of national governing bodies NGB’s

A

NGB’s developed in mid to late nineteenth century;
- sport became increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sport
- more leagues and clubs were forming
- leagues + comps required for these teams to compete in
- more national and international fixtures being organised
- codification agreed nationally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

amateurism and professionalism

A
  • amateur = someone who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain
  • professionalism = someone who plays sport for the financial gain
  • upper class wealthy so could afford not to work and play sport whenever
  • the working class had to make money from sport or they couldn’t afford to play
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the gentleman amateur in the nineteenth-century Britain

A
  • came from public school
  • had a high social position in society
  • had wealth + didn’t need financial compensation to play sport
  • had lots of free time to play
  • viewed sports participation as good for character building
  • played lots of sports
  • played to high moral code with emphasis on fair play
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the working class professional in the nineteenth-century Britain

A
  • came from state education background
  • low social position in society
  • very little wealth with limited income
  • very little free time due to long working hours
  • viewed sport as a way out of of poverty
  • specialised in a single sport
  • played with low level of morality emphasis on winning
11
Q

key features of the early twentieth-century amateurs

A

maintained their prominence in sport in a number of ways;
- high status - amateurs held high status
- controllers of sport - middle + upper class
- top performers - middle + upper class
- highly moral - playing for the love of it

11
Q

key features of a modern day amateurs

A

as 20th century progressed, amateurs began losing status in sport. society slowly became concerned with equality of opportunity with achievements based on personal performance standards;
- modern day amateurs tend to be of lower status
- some high level performers still not professional
- has been blurring of amateurs and professional distinctions
- performance at top level in most sports now open to all
- some amateurs receive finance for training expenses

11
Q

positives of modern day amateurism

A
  • amateur code still evident in british sport
  • viewed positively + promoted in a number of ways e.g. shaking hands prior to games
  • sports such as rugby union maintained their amateurism until late into 20th century. but still have code of conduct like call ref sir
12
Q

modern day professionalism

A

factors responsible for the growth of professional sport and status of professional performers;
- all classes can compete
- now respected for talents + efforts in reaching the top
- high rewards for professionals through media and sponsorship
- celeb status, media coverage
- money invested into sports enables events + the sports the sports themselves to operate + survive commercially
- professionals have more time to train
- positive role models act as motivators for others to achieve in professional sport

13
Q

rationalisation and development of lawn tennis

A
  • it was a middle class invention as the middle class aspired to be like the upper class
  • had set rules and suited their middle class suburban housing with lawned gardens as tennis courts
  • walls + hedges ensured privacy from lower class who were initially excluded from participation
  • female participation first allowed in 1884
  • lawn tennis aided women as it could be played in privacy of their home
  • could play the game as a minimum exercise activity with bodies fully covered
  • both females and males played as social gatherings, improving health at same time
14
Q

key features of lawn tennis as it developed in the industrial and post industrial era

A
  • middle class invention
  • played by middle class
  • organised by middle class
  • use of specialist equipment
  • use of standardised rules
  • public provision - eventually spread to working class via public parks
15
Q

Wenlock Olympic games

A

The Wenlock Olympic Games date from 1850 and were a forerunner to the modern Olympic Games.
The characteristics of athletics share similar characteristics to rational recreation:
- Rules were simple / unwritten.
- Lower class males took part. Upper class were patrons.
- Events were local with people from neighbouring villages joining in with the festivities and competitions which occurred annually (once a year).
- was set in a rural location.
- Betting occurred with wagers placed on the outcomes of races.
- Occurs every year.

16
Q

rationalisation and development of track and field athletics

A
  • athletics became more popular in towns + cities with purpose built facilities
  • walking + running races took place over set distances on race courses
  • large numbers of people attended athletics events - 25,000 as 19th century progressed
  • wagering common
  • upper + middle class for fun, lower class for money
  • 1866 amateur athletics club formed - brought respectability to athletics, fair play, courage + no wagering
  • amateurs athletics association established on 24th April 1880 - opened up sport to everyone
  • not deemed acceptable for women
  • the women’s AAA not established until 1922
  • even after women took part in Olympics in 1928 they still couldn’t races further than 800m
17
Q

rationalisation and development of association football

A
  • rationalisation = large audience, purpose built facilities due to lack of space
  • more free time = increased leisure time
  • more disposable income = afford transport to matches due to wage increase
  • improved transport = development in trains, ability to go to away games
  • increase professionalism = opportunity to play as a job gradually increased
  • social class links = working class made it the ‘peoples game’ with larger numbers watching and playing
  • increased organisation = quickly became highly structured as codification became less violent, refs controlled games, quickly expanded with lots of teams.

physical education paper 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions