Thorax: Pericardium and external Surface of the heart

Question 1

What are the great vessels found in the middle mediastinum? (5)

Answer 1

Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Small portion of:
Pulmonary veins
IVC and SVC

Question 2

Fibroserous sac which surrounds the heart and roots of great vessels

Answer 2

Pericardium

Question 3

Two components of the pericardium

Answer 3

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

Question 4

What is the fibrous pericardium attached to at the:
A. Apex
B. Base
C. Anterior

Answer 4

A. Adventitia of great blood vessels.
B. Central tendon of the diaphragm.
C. Posterior surface of sternum by sternopericardial ligaments.

Question 5

Two layers of the serous pericardium

Answer 5

•Parietal layer: lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium.
•Visceral layer: covers the heart.

Question 6

Narrow space btwn the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

Answer 6

Pericardial cavity

Question 7

Two reflections in the heart

Answer 7

Superiorly: covers the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Posteriorly: covers the IVC and SVC and pulmonary veins.

Question 8

Two sinuses in the heart

Answer 8

Oblique and transverse pericardial sinuses

Question 9

Briefly explain the blood supply of the heart (4)

Answer 9

The fibrous and parietal layer of serous pericardium:
-Pericardiacophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery).
-Musculophrenic artery (branch of internal thoracic artery).
-Inferior phrenic artery (branch of the thoracic aorta)
The visceral serous perecardium:
-Coronary arterial supply

Question 10

Nerve supply of the pericardium

Answer 10

•Fibrous and parietal serous pericardium:
-Phrenic nerves
•Visceral serous pericardium:
-Cardiac plexus

Question 11

Vertebral level of the base of the heart

Answer 11

-T5-T8, T6-T9 when standing.

Question 12

Which part of the heart forms the apex

Answer 12

The inferolateral part of the left ventricle

Question 13

Position of the apex

Answer 13

Deep to left 5th intercostal space

Question 14

What separates the diaphragmatic surface from the base?

Answer 14

Coronary sinus

Question 15

What are the margins/borders of the heart? (2)

Answer 15

Inferior margin: separates the anterior and diaphragmatic surfaces.
Obtuse margin: separates the anterior and left pulmonary surfaces.

Question 16

External grooves which divides the heart into four chambers

Answer 16

External sulci

Question 17

Which structure separates the atria from ventricles?

Answer 17

Coronary sulcus

Question 18

Which two sulci separates the heart into ventricles

Answer 18

•Anterior interventricular sulcus: contains anterior interventricular artery and great cardiac vein, lies in the anterior surface.

•Posterior interventricular sulcus: contains posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein, lies on the diaphragmatic surface.

Question 19

What does the coronary sulcus consist of? (4)

Answer 19

-Right coronary artery
-Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
-Small cardiac vein
-Coronary sinus

Question 20

Arterial supply of the middle mediastinum (heart)?

Answer 20

Left and right coronary arteries which arise from the aortic sinuses of ascending aorta.

Question 21

Three branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 21

-Sinu-atrial nodal branch
-Right marginal branch
-Posterior interventricular branch

Question 22

Two branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 22

-Anterior interventricular branch
-Circumflex branch

Question 23

Venous drainage of heart is through?

Answer 23

Cardiac veins

Question 24

List the five types of cardiac veins?

Answer 24

-Greater cardiac vein
-Middle cardiac vein
-Smaller cardiac vein
-Anterior cardiac vein
-Posterior cardiac vein

Question 25

Where do the cardiac veins drain into?

Answer 25

Coronary sinus

Question 26

Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?

Answer 26

Anterior cardiac veins
Smallest cardiac veins