Pelvis and perineum 5.5 Flashcards
What is a perineum, describe the structure of it briefly.
It is an external surface area and shallow compartment between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx.
-It is bounded by the pelvic outlet.
-Separated from the pelvic cavity via the pelvic diaphragm.
-Diamond shaped, made of two triangles; the anal triangle (post) and urogenital triangle (ant).
What are the borders of the pelvic outlet? (5)
FROM POST TO ANT:
-Coccyx
-Sacrotuberous lig.
-Ischial tuberosity
-Inf ramus of pubis and ischium.
-Pubic symphysis
What do we call the central tendon of the perineum?
The perineal body
Which muscle fibers converge to form the perineal body?
-External anal and urethral sphincter mm.
-Sup and deep transverse perineal mm.
-Bulbospongiosus m.
-Levator ani mm.
Briefly describe the urogenital triangle.
It has a perineal membrane, which is thick and fibrous.
It is anchored, laterally to the pubic arch and posteriorly to the perineal body.
Contains two pouches, the superficial and deep perineal pouches.
Where does the superficial perineal pouch lie and which structures pass through it?
It lies btwn the colle’s fascia and the perineal membrane.
-Erectile tissues run through it.
-Skeletal muscles.
Where does the deep perineal pouch lie, and which structures pass through it?
-It lies btwn the perineal membrane and the fascia of the levator ani muscles.
-Structures that run through it are the neurovascular bundle, and the urethral sphincter.
Which are the two glands found in the female urogenital triangle?
-Skene’s glands
-Bartholin’s glands
Which role does the skene’s glands play?
-They secrete fluid which is released during ejaculation.
-This fluid lubricates the urethra.
Where are the skene’s glands found?
On either side of the urethra.
What is the male equivalence of the skene’s glands?
The prostate gland
What role does the bartholin’s gland play?
It secretes mucoid fluid which lubricates the vulvar and vagina.
What are the glands of the male urogenital triangle? (3)
-The prostate gland
-Seminal vesicles
-Bulbourethral glands
Which gland secretes a fluid that:
a. Contains fructose which energizes the sperm cells.
b. Neutralises the acidic environment of the vagina.
c. Transports the sperm.
a. Seminal vesicles
b. Bulbourethral glands
c. Prostate gland
Which structure is the deep perineal pouch bound to:
a. superiorly
b. inferiorly
c. laterally
a. inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm.
b. perineal membrane
c. inferior portion of obturator fascia.
