Chapter 9

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

refers to the biological traits that societies use to categorize people, often as either male or female

Question 2

Gender:

Answer 2

refers to the cultural meaning of societies attach to sex categories. it consists of the behaviours that society considers “normal” for a person of a particular sex
A.K.A the roles and characteristics society assigns to men and women

Question 3

Ann Oakley

Answer 3

British Sociologist and was one of the first to formally distinguish sex from gender in a sociological way (b. 1944)

Question 4

Gender Role

Answer 4

Set of attitudes and expectations concerning behaviour that relates to the sex we were assigned at birth

Question 5

Intersex

Answer 5

refers to anyone born with both “male” and “female” sexual characteristics (non-conforming and non-binary)

Question 6

Transgender

Answer 6

A trans person is someone whose lived identity does not conform with the gender role associated with their assigned sex

Question 7

Biological Sex

Answer 7

a socially constructed binary, consisting of male and female sex categories assigned at birth

Question 8

Sexual Attraction

Answer 8

means you find a specific person sexually appealing and want to have sex with them

Question 9

Asexual

Answer 9

(umbrella term) anyone who experiences little to no sexual attraction toward other people of any gender

Question 10

Transsexual:

Answer 10

someone with the physical characteristics of one sex category and a persistent desire to belong to another

Question 11

Cisgender

Answer 11

someone who feels affinity with the socially constructed sex category they were assigned at birth

Question 12

2-Spirit People

Answer 12

umbrella term to describe those who identify with one of the many gender roles beyond male and female

Question 13

Beatrice Kachuck

Answer 13

(2003) divides the diverse range of feminist theories into the 4 categories

Question 14

the 4 feminist theory categories

Answer 14

1. Liberal feminism
2. Essentialist feminism
3. Socialist feminism
4. Postmodernist feminism

Question 15

Liberal Feminism

Answer 15

seeks to secure equal rights for women in all phases (e.g. education, jobs, and pay)

Question 16

Essentialist Feminism

Answer 16

argues that women and men are essentially different in the way they think
(Kachucks 3 main criticisms of essential feminism)

Question 17

Kachuck: 3 main criticisms of Essential Feminism

Answer 17

• it universalizes women
• it confuses natural instincts with strategies that women used to cope with the demands of a patriarchal society
• it encourages us to see women as social housekeepers in worlds that men build

Question 18

Socialist Feminism

Answer 18

looks at intersections of oppression between class and gender

Question 19

Postmodernist Feminism

Answer 19

argues that there is no natural basis for identities based on gender, ethnicity, race, etc (queer theory)

Question 20

Queer Theory

Answer 20

rejects the idea that male and female genders are natural binary opposites (gender is a continuum)

Question 21

Feminization of work

Answer 21

when a particular job, profession, or industry comes to be dominated by or predominantly associated with women (ex. makeup industry, nurses, etc)

Question 22

Connell’s (1995) 4 performances of masculinity:

Answer 22

1. Hegemonic Masculinity
2. Subordinate Masculinity
3. Marginalized Masculinity
4. Complicit Masculinity

Question 23

Hegemonic Masculinity (Connell’s 4 performances of masculinity):

Answer 23

Practices that normalize and naturalize men’s dominance and women’s subordination (ex. mansplaining)

Question 24

Subordinate Masculinity (Connell’s 4 performances of masculinity):

Answer 24

Practices that could threaten the legitimacy of hegemonic masculinity (ex. stay-at-home dads

Question 25

Marginalized Masculinity (Connell’s 4 performances of masculinity):

Answer 25

Adaption of masculinities to issues such as race and class

Question 26

Complicit Masculinity (Connell’s 4 performances of masculinity):

Answer 26

practices that do not necessarily embody hegemonic processes, but benefit from them and includes those who are aware of the traits and characteristics (+ & -) of hegemonic masculinity and how it influences society but do not challenge its presence or advocate any form of social change

Question 27

How are Visible minority women stereotyped into 2 extremes (examples)

Answer 27

• Eastern Asian Women: Lotus Blossom Baby (shy, beautiful girl) us. Dragon Lady (prostitute)
• Black women: Aunt Jemima figure (submissive and content) vs. sexually objectified black women
• Indigenous women: the Indian princess (the heroine) vs. the uncivilized woman

Question 28

examples of particular ethnic groups that were encouraged to immigrate (men or women)

Answer 28

• Chinese head tax (exclusion of women)
• Foreign domestic & live-in caregiver program in Canada (they had to live with employers- women were vulnerable to exploitation and physical, emotional, and sexual abuse)

Question 29

Sexuality

Answer 29

refers to feelings of sexual desire and attraction and how these are expresses (sexuality is fluid and can change over time)

Question 30

heterosexual:

Answer 30

sexually attracted to people of the opposite sex

Question 31

Homosexual:

Answer 31

queer or gay is also accepted: sexually attracted to the same sex

Question 32

Lesbian

Answer 32

Sexually attracted to other women (gay can also be applied to both male and females but is most often used for males attracted to males)

Question 33

Bisexual

Answer 33

sexually attracted (either equally or unequally) to both sexes

Question 34

LGBTQI2S+

Answer 34

an all-encompassing term for anyone who does not identify as heterosexual and/cisgender (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, 2-spirit, etc)

Question 35

Nonbinary:

Answer 35

describes someone who does not identify exclusively as a man or a woman. (may define their gender identity and experience outside of these binary terms)