Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

prelims > Bio > Flashcards

Bio Flashcards

1
Q

A biological process in which different organisms can produce another of their kind.

A

REPRODUCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does not involve gametes or sex cells. This type of reproduction can be observed in some plants and in lower forms of animals.

A

Asexual Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An organism is reproduced by forming an outgrowth, or a “bud” from a part of the parent organism’s body.

A

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

An organism is produced from the detached body part of its parent.

A

Fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A parent organism (e.g., a unicellular organism) splits into two daughter organisms. This type of asexual reproduction is usually done by prokaryotic organism (e.g., bacteria) and some invertebrates.

A

Binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A plant part is used to reproduce another plant.

A

Vegetative reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This involves the production of spores, which are specialized asexual reproductive cells.

A

Spore formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Involves the union of gametes (i.e., the sperm and the egg cell) inside or outside the body of an organism

A

Sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This type of reproduction is exhibited only by higher forms of organisms, including humans.

A

Sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fuse to create a fertilized egg known as the zygote, which eventually becomes an embryo. The union of gametes creates genetic diversity by inheriting genes from both parents. This process results in an organism that possesses the blended qualities contributes by both parents.

A

The sperm and the egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

genetic diversity by inheriting genes from both parents. This process results in an organism that possesses the blended qualities contributes by both parents.

A

The union of gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

use their physical characteristics to attract pollinators. Some have bright- colored flowers to attract insects, and thus enabling to transfer of pollen from one flower to another.

A

Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

also use color display to attract a male.

A

Animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

shows a magnificent color display of its feathers during courtship. It does this to attract the female peafowl, the peahen.

A

The peacock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

necessary because it allows organisms to move, respire, and digest, to name a few body processes.

A

Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

organisms can manufacture their own food nutrients by synthesizing inorganic materials.

A

Autotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

organisms directly use energy from the sun and other inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide and water to form organic food. Organisms that have this type of nutrition are called photoautotrophs.

A

Photoautotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

organisms use chemicals to create simpler organic substances important for their survival.

A

Chemoautotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

called heterotrophs, cannot make their food, and thus obtain their energy by digesting organic matter. The heterotrophic mode of nutrition can be classified into saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition.

A

Heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in this type of nutrition, organisms obtain their nutrients from dead organic matter. These organisms secrete digestive juices to the surroundings, which will be later absorbed through their body surface. Such organisms are called saprophytes, and they include fungi and bacteria.

A

Saprophytic or saprotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in this type of nutrition, organisms obtain their nutrients from another organism.

A

Parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a type of parasitism that happens when the parasite is outside the body of the host. Some examples are fleas in dogs and head lice in humans.

A

ectoparatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

this parasitism involves parasites that live inside the body of the host. Some include roundworms and hookworms.

A

endoparasitism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In this type of nutrition, organisms ingest solid or liquid food. The food is then digested and absorbed by the body. This type of nutrition is subdivided based on the type of organic matter ingested.

A

holozoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Organisms that take in only plants as a source of their energy. Sheep, rabbits, and cows are examples.

A

herbivorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Organisms that eat other animals. Lions, tigers, and sharks are examples

A

carnivorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Organisms that take in both plants and animals. Pigs, hens, and bears are examples

A

Omnivorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

are important because they are required for different metabolic reactions to proceed.

A

gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

It is a structure used by unicellular organisms for gas exchange. Gases directly pass through the cell membrane through diffusion

A

cell membrane

30
Q

It is a respiratory surface covered with thin and moist epithelial cells that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Gases only cross the cell membrane when they are dissolved in an aqueous solution, and thus the surface be moist.

A

Body Surface/skin

31
Q

They greatly increase the surface are for gas exchange in aquatic organisms. Convoluted outgrowths containing blood vessels covered by a thin layer of epithelial cells. They can be found either externally or internally.

A

gills

32
Q

They are composed of a series of respiratory tubes that carry the gases directly to the cells for gas exchange. Gases enter and exit through the opening at the body surface called spiracles.

A

Tracheal systems

33
Q

These are ingrowth of the body wall that connect to the outside environment by a series of respiratory tubes and small openings. The lungs are one of the most complex respiratory organs of animals.

A

lungs

34
Q

Gases enter the leaves through specialized pores called

A

stomata

35
Q

The woody stems and mature roots are perforated by nonsuberized pores called

A

lenticels

36
Q

is one of the main substances needed by plants to survive.

A

water

37
Q

This is the tendency of water to pass through the semipermeable membrane of plant cells.

A

osmosis

38
Q

This is the process wherein water exits the plant

A

Transpiration

39
Q

This refers to the movement of liquid across a solid surface, which is caused by adhesion.

A

Capillary Action

40
Q

This allows the water to move up through a plant.

A

adhesion

41
Q

a brain disorder that gets worse over time. It’s characterized by changes in the brain that lead to deposits of certain proteins. Causes the brain to shrink and brain cells to eventually die. The most common cause of dementia a gradual decline in memory, thinking, behavior and social skills. These changes affect a person’s ability to function.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

42
Q

to protect the organism from diseases or other potentially damaging foreign bodies.

A

immune system

43
Q

composed of complex interactions that allow the organisms to distinguish their cells from foreign cells, as well as remember specific features of foreign bodies.

A

Animals’ immune system

44
Q

do not have a structural immune system. Cannot defend themselves against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Do not have a circulatory system. This is why they have cells that can respond to pathogens independently.

A

plants

45
Q

Refers to the body’s ability to maintain a constant internal environment. Organisms with very efficient homeostasis systems are able to tolerate a wide range of external factors. Helps the cells in your body to function optimally.

A

homeostasis

46
Q

A structure that produces the change.

A

stimulus

47
Q

A structure that detects the change.

A

Receptor

48
Q

structure that determines the appropriate response to the stimulus.

A

Control center

49
Q

can be organs, glands, or tissues that are instructed to adjust the amount of output that produces a desired effect.

A

effector

50
Q

the outcome of the adjustment that should remove the initial stimulus.

A

response

51
Q

are the units of heredity composed of DNA molecules that are transferred from parents to offspring.

A

genes

52
Q

scientific study of genes and how they affect heredity.

A

genetics

53
Q

He discovered the basic principles in the field of genetics through his garden pea experiments.

A

gregor johann mendel father of modern genetics

54
Q

The branch of mathematics that explains the likelihood that a particular event will occur. We can apply the principles of probability in our study of genetics.

A

Probability

55
Q

gametes produced by the parents are written on the outer sides (the top and the left side of the square.

A

punnett square experiment

56
Q

can be classified into saprophytic, parasitic, and holozoic nutrition.

A

heterotrophic mode of nutrition

57
Q

An organism is produced from the detached body part of its parent.

A

fragmentation

58
Q

grow primarily by increasing the size of their cells.

A

plants

59
Q

grow because their cells increase in number.

A

animals

60
Q

transports water and nutrients from roots to the different parts of plants

A

Xylem

61
Q

transports sugars and other metabolic products from leaves to the rest of the plant

A

phloem

62
Q

has the following functions: a.Transport gases and nutrients in the animal’s body b.Carries wastes out of the body c.Regulates the organism’s body temperature and pH d.Helps in healing and prevention of further damage through platelet e.Plays an important role in the immune system

A

blood

63
Q

elongated cells in the xylem that help in transport of water and nutrients

A

Tracheids

64
Q

elongated cells in the phloem that serve as conduits of sugars transport

A

Sieve tubes

65
Q

tubular structures carrying blood

A

blood vessels

66
Q

a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the different parts of the body.

A

heart

67
Q

Such as lobsters, starfishes, and sea slugs, have a high concentration of solute in their blood which matches the tonicity of water.

A

Marine invertebrates

68
Q

Tunas and marine eels are at a lower concentration than seawater, which is why marine invertebrates must reabsorb the water for them to remain in a healthy state. They excrete ions such as sodium and chloride at a minimal rate because a high amount of water must be retained inside them.

A

Marine vertebrates

69
Q

The excretory system removes the metabolic wastes and retains proper amounts of water, salts, and nutrients. Such as dogs, cat, have various ways of reducing water loss. Some live in moist environment, develop impermeable covering, and even produce concentrated urine. The excretory system of it serves to collect water and filter body fluids, and it eliminates waste.

A

Terrestrial Animals

70
Q

Movement of the plants in response to light, usually in the direction toward the light

A

Phototropism

71
Q

Movement of the plants in response to water

A

Hydrotropism

72
Q

Movement of the plants in response to mechanical stimulation

A

Thigmotropism

prelims (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions