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Anatomy And Physiology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of the heart?

A

drive blood around the body

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2
Q

what are 5 functions of the blood?

A

-transport of oxygen to the body
-transport of nutrients to the body
-removal of waste products
-immune system
-paracrine system

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3
Q

describe the process of the transport of oxygen to the body

A

-oxygen absorbed through the lungs

-transported around the body

-bound to haemoglobin within red blood cells

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4
Q

define the process of the immune systems function

A

-white blood cells within the blood mediate the immune response

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4
Q

describe the transport of nutrients to the body

A

-sugars, amino acids and lipids are absorbed into gut transported in blood

  • cholesterol etc. manufactured in the liver and transported in the blood
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5
Q

define the process of removal of waste product

A
  • urea is transported to the kidney

-where it is excreted

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6
Q

define the process of the function of the paracrine system

A

-hormones such as insulin are transported in the blood

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7
Q

describe the vena cava

A
  • carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heat
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8
Q

name two parts of the vena cava

A

1)superior vena cava
2)inferior vena cava

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8
Q

what is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

carries blood from head and upper body

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9
Q

what is the inferior vena cava?

A

carries body from the lower body

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9
Q

what is the function of pulmonary veins?

A

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

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10
Q

what is the function of the aorta?

A

carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body

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11
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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12
Q

describe the atria walls and ventricle walls

A

-thin walls = artria
-thick muscular wall = ventricles

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13
Q

what is the function of the vales?

A

valves prevent blood from ventricles going back into atria

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14
Q

what does a contraction of the atria lead to?

A

pushes blood into vesicles

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15
Q

what is the main function of the ventricle’s?

A

responsible for pumping blood through arteries

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16
Q

what is the ventricles responsible for?

A

pumping blood through the arteries

17
Q

what are two ventricles separated by?

A

a muscular septum

18
Q

what is unique about the ventricle cell walls?

A

the left wall is thicker than the right because it does more work

19
Q

outline the function of heart valves?

A

ensure blood flows only in one direction through the heart

20
Q

what is the job of the pulmonary valve?

A

regulates blood flow from right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

21
Q

name 3 characteristics of the mitral valve

A

-shaped like a bishops hate
-regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle
-two leaflets (bicuspid)

21
Q

what is the job of the aortic valve?

A

regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

22
Q

describe the function of the tricuspid valve

A

-regulates blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
-three leaflets

23
Q

what are atrioventricular valves connected to and what it their function?

A

AV valves are connected to the ventricle wall by chordae tendinae
regulates by papillary muscles

24
Q

define what the pericardium is?

A

outer layer of the connective tissue

25
Q

define what the epicardium does?

A

has a role in hemostasis and regeneration

26
Q

what is myocardium?

A

contractile part of the heart

27
Q

what does the pericardial cavity contain?

A

lubricant

28
Q

what is the endocardium?

A

-the inner layer of protective epithelium

29
Q

what are two parts of the heart beat cycle?

A

-systole (squeezing)
-diastole (dialation)

30
Q

where is the sarcolemma located?

A

plasma membrane

31
Q

What is the transverse tubule?

A

extension of the plasma membrane into cell permitting fast transmission of action potential

31
Q

what is the sacroplasmic reticulum?

A

specialised endoplasmic reticulum which acts as a calcium store

32
Q

what is the sarcomere?

A

a contractile appartatus

33
Q

what does the sacromere mostly contain?

A

largely actin and myosin

34
Q

what is another name for the conductive system ?(sino atrial node)

A

the pacemaker

35
Q

where is the sino atrial node found?

A

in the right atrium

36
Q

what is the function of the sinoatrial node?

A

specialised cardiomyocytes with the ability to generate action potentials (electrical impulses)

37
Q

what is the main function of the of electrical impulses in the conduction system?

A

-these electrical impulses are transmitted to the atrial myocardium and to the atrial ventricular node

-delay transmission of the impulse until the atria is fully contracted

38
Q

what is the function of the bundle of his?

A

transmit the impulse to the apex of the heart without depolarising cardiomyocytes on route.

39
Q

what is the function of the valgus nerve (para-symphathetic)

A

release acetylcholine onto the SA node while reducing the heart rate

40
Q

what is the heart rate controlled by?

A

cardiovascular centre of the hindbrain

41
Q

what is the function of the accelerin’s nerve (smypathetic) ?

A

releases norepinephrine onto the SA node which increases the heartrate

Anatomy And Physiology (21 decks)

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