Blood Flashcards
Outline the 4 functions of blood:
-transport
-maintenance of homeostasis
-protection, against foreign substances,clot formation
-regulation, of PH, osmosis, body temperature
What is the hematocrit?
The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood
Outline 4 functions of the plasma protein;
1) essential for blood clotting mechanism
2) produces velocity of blood- affects BP
3)transports substances circulating in the blood
4) provides 1/6th of the total buffering power of the blood
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
What is another word for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is another word for platelets ?
Thrombocytes
What does each hasmoglobin molecule consist of?
- 4 protein chains-globins
- 4 heme groups
What are heme groups?
Non-protein moiety that binds oxygen to ferrous ion (fe2+) at its centre
What do globins consist of?
-two alpha + two beta chains
-5% CO2 in blood is bound to flo in moiety
What is 4 stimuli for increasing erythropoiesis?
- low levels of O2
- increase in exercise
*high altitude
*loss of lung tissue in emphysema
What is polycythemia?
Excess of RBC
What is anemia?
Deficiency of RBS
What are 3 effects of anemia?
(1) tissue hypoxia and necrosis (short of breath and lethargic)
(2) low blood osmolarity (tissue Edema)
(3) low blood viscosity (heart races and pressure drops)
What is the definition of blood typing?
Blood groups are genetically determined antigenic substances on the RBC
What are granules?
Contain enzymes and other chemicals employed in defence against pathogens
