Fluid/Electrolytes Q

Question 1

Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:

Answer 1

perspiration and expiration.

Question 2

Decreased osmotic pressure would result from a deficit of :

Answer 2

plasma proteins

Question 3

Increased ____________ _____________ would cause edema

Answer 3

capillary permeability

Question 4

Rough oral mucosa is a typical sign of:

Answer 4

dehydration

Question 5

Excessive ___________ is a common cause of hyponatremia

Answer 5

sweating

Question 6

__________ ___________is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

Answer 6

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 7

increased parathyroid hormone leads to Increased absorption of :

Answer 7

calcium from the digestive tract

Question 8

Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium causes:

Answer 8

tetany

Question 9

When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:

Answer 9

decreases.

Question 10

What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?

Answer 10

Kidneys

Question 11

Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?

The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be:

Answer 11

1:20

Question 12

Which is the effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?

Answer 12

Increased carbonic acid

Question 13

Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 13

Prolonged diarrhea

Question 14

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?

Answer 14

Bicarbonate ion levels decrease

Question 15

The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:

Answer 15

Nervous system

Question 16

Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include: increased

Answer 16

increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 17

Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?

Answer 17

Respiratory acidosis

Question 18

Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:

Answer 18

hypovolemia.

Question 19

Prolonged diarrhea results in loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions, leading to:

Answer 19

metabolic acidosis.

Question 20

In the initial stage, vomiting results in:

Answer 20

metabolic alkalosis.

Question 21

Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?

Answer 21

Cl– and HCO3–

Question 22

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH. The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:

Answer 22

lungs and kidneys.

Question 23

Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:

Answer 23

increasing the permeability of nerve membranes.

Question 24

Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:

Answer 24

insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction.

Question 25

Serum potassium levels are affected by:
1. ADH.
2. aldosterone.
3. serum H+ levels.
4. insulin levels.

Answer 25

2. aldosterone.
3. serum H+ levels.
4. insulin levels.

Question 26

Which is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

Answer 26

Aldosterone

Question 27

The control center for thirst is located in the:

Answer 27

hypothalamus.

Question 28

What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?

Answer 28

Buffer pairs in blood
change in kidney excretion rate
change in respiration rate

Question 29

Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?

Answer 29

Potassium

Question 30

Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of “milk-alkali syndrome,” which can cause Hyper:?

Answer 30

Hypercalcemia