C3 photosynthesis Flashcards
what type of reaction is photosynthesis
anabolic and endergonic
chloroplast structure
double layer membrane bound organelle containing the stroma, grana containg stacks of thylakoids, ribosomes and a single circular chromosome with no introns
in what organisms does photosynthesis occur
in plant cells containg chlorophyll and some photosynthetic bacetria and protista
purpose of photosynthesis
to make glucose for use in cellular respiration in plant cells
what is the thylakoid memebrane
internal system of interconnected membranes, carry out the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
thylakoids
membranous sacks containg proteins complexes, chlorophyll, pigments and other accessory componenets - about 0;.25-0.08 microns in diameter
grana
sacks of 5-30 thylakoids, the phospholipid bilayer of the thylakoid is folded repeatedly into sacks to create grana, grana are connected by channels to form a single functional compartment seperate from the stroma
stroma
liquid filled interior of the chloroplast, the internal space enclosed by the chloroplast membrane excluding the thylakoid space, filled with colourless hydrophilic matrix, contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis
endosymbiotic theory
chloroplasts were once believed to have free-living photosynthetic prokaryotic cellsk, one of these photosynthetic microbes was engulfed by another microbial cell, but not digested by it, the 2 cells lived in symbiotic relationship, being replicated together when the prokayotic cell replicated itself
how is the structure of chloroplasts evidence of endosymbiotic theory
enclosed by a double-membrane envelope (similar to the outer and inner membranes present in the cell wall of some bacteria), posses circular double stranded DNA not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, have there own ribosomes, produce their own RNA and proteins, size in the range of bacterial cells
simplified equation of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, with light above the arrow and chlorophyll below it
full equation of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O, with light above the arrow and chlorophyll below it
how is water obtained for photosynthesis
enters through the rooots via osmosis ammd the transpiration stream
how is water lost in a plant
roughly 90% of the wwater that enters the plants is lost via transpiration - evaporation of water vapour through the stomatal pores in the leaf
what factors increase transpiration
higher the heat and wind