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philo - chloe > lesson 3 > Flashcards

lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

COSMOCENTRIC (focused on physics or the discovery of nautre) and LOGOCENTRIC (reason based)

A

ancient conception

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2
Q

he changed the philoosphical landscape of doing philosophy and challenged sophists (e.g. protagoras, thrasymachus)

A

socrates

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3
Q

Did not have an explicit discussion about his view on the human person. He put an emphasis on the Arete of the Psyche.

A

SOCRATES

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4
Q

arete means?

A

excellence

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5
Q

psyche means?

A

soul

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6
Q

His philosophy primarily focuses on how the soul deals with excellence or how the soul can achieve excellence.

A

Socrates

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7
Q

“the only thing i know, is that i know nothing”

this is an example of what

A

socratic irony

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8
Q

he placed greater emphasis on the role of the mind (also understood as the soul of the person)

A

plato

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9
Q
  • Knowledge of the good
  • Cultivation of the soul
  • Says “the human person is a soul”
  • his teacher was Socrates
  • emphasized the importance of knowledge.
A

plato

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10
Q

According to —–, the intellect must be continuously cultivated. Without knowledge one cannot live a moral life but what kind of knowledge should one have?

A

Plato

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11
Q

according to plato’s philosophy this is: Imperfect
Changing
Known through senses
The physical world

A

world of matter

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12
Q

according to plato’s philosophy this is: Perfect
Unchanging
beyond the human senses
Exists independently.
eternal ideas like justice, beauty, soul, etc.

A

world of forms

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13
Q

3 parts of the human soul according to Plato

A

rational, spritiual, appetitive

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14
Q

This is the one that guides our thinking toward the truth

A

Rational

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15
Q

Heart of the soul

A

Spiritual

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16
Q

Contains the leisures of one person, like our fulfillments and desires.

A

Appetitive

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17
Q
  • true knowledge can be known through experience
  • student of Plato but departed from Plato’s ideas.
  • dualism of the body and the soul does not exist.
A

aristotle

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18
Q

the human person is the composite of substance and form that always exist together, aristotle called this —-.

A

hylomorphism

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19
Q

— is what underlies and persists through change. ‘di nagbabago throughout your entire time in the world.

A

Substance - Aristotle’s theory of substance

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20
Q

it is the underlying substance of an object

A

hyle (matter)

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21
Q

it is the specific structure that gives an objects properties

A

morphe (form)

22
Q

who believed that Hyle is the soul and morphe is the body.

A

aristotle.

23
Q

own individuality, we are unique. This individuality makes us human.

A

individual substance -

24
Q

“Man by nature is a rational animal.” We are animals but what sets us apart from animals is our capacity to reason with intellect or to think and reflect.

A

rational nature -

25
Q

it is the principle that makes anything move.

A

The soul

26
Q

This is happiness. To achieve ——, one must live in accordance with virtue and reason.

A

eudaimonia

27
Q
  • thinkers during this time tried to reconcile reason and faith/theology.
  • It was to make faith reasonable
A

MEDIEVAL CONCEPTION

28
Q

“The human person is a soul that temporarily inhibits the body”
- the body is mortal, but the soul lives forever

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

29
Q

The body is a temporary vessel during our life. After life, souls go back to God after death. for ——-, the soul’s destiny is union with god.

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

30
Q

whose main principle is this:

Humans are created in the image and likeness of god.

A

ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO

31
Q

it is the special connection with god.

A

divine origin

32
Q

human soul is the center of the imago dei

A

Moral and spiritual nature

33
Q

it is seeking union with god.

A

Teleological

34
Q

his philosophy is

The ultimate purpose of life is to be with god. to hold the divine image within. we are in a journey towards god.

A

st augustine

35
Q

heavily influenced by Aristotle
- He viewed the human as an individual substance of a rational nature and a composite of body and soul

The soul provides the body its identity. The soul animates the body. it is the reason as to why we can move.

A

ST. THOMAS AQUINAS

36
Q

In the —- times, there ideas were based on theology or faith.

A

medieval

37
Q

In the —– times, their views center on the mind or rationality.

A

modern

38
Q
  • Father of modern philosophy.
  • He was searching for a kind of truth that is indubitable
  • There is one thing that cannot be doubted, which is the thinking self.
A

RENE DESCARTES

39
Q

The —- is a version of you who is able to think and doubt

A

thinking self

40
Q

a specific kind of method to reach doubt.
— You doubt everything that can be doubted to achieve certainty. This is the way to philosophical enlightenment.

A

Methodic doubt

41
Q

“Cogito , ergo sum.” means?

A

I think therefore I am

42
Q

t or f

Descartes is a rationalist.

A

true

43
Q

A —- believes that knowledge comes from reason. This is in contrast to empiricism because you believe that knowledge comes from a sense of experience.

A

rationalist person

44
Q

THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES:
Us humans our thinking selves distinct from the physical world
This is the human person

A

Res cogitans - the thinking self

45
Q

THE HUMAN PERSON ACCORDING TO DESCARTES:

The things that have first contact with the physical world.

In this sense, descartes believes it is the body that is also known as our point of contact

A

Res extensa - extended self

46
Q

his philosophy revolves around Rational autonomy: Rationality and autonomy

A

IMMANUEL KANT

47
Q

: To make moral choices freely and independently.

A

Autonomy

48
Q

allows us to use our reason in making moral judgements and act according to principle.

A

Rationality

49
Q

being aware of moral responsibilities

A

Rational autonomy:

50
Q
  • Not as famous but was a prominent thinker in existentialism.
  • His understanding of the human person is multifaceted.
  • Commonly, his ideas are established within the existence of the stage of life.
A

SOREN KIERKEGAARD

51
Q
A

philo - chloe (13 decks)

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