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mental health + neurobiology > neuroanatomy tell > Flashcards

neuroanatomy tell Flashcards

1
Q

afferent neurons

A

carry information to the cns

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1
Q

divisions of nervous system in order

A

central nervous system, peripheral system. motor, sensory , somatic, autonomic nervous system, sympathetic +parasympathetic

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2
Q

efferent neurons

A

carry information away from cns

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3
Q

what is the 3rd nervous system

A

enteric nervous system

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4
Q

3 anatomical planes

A

1.coronal
2.axial(horizontal or transverse)
3.sagittal

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5
Q

4 main orientation that can change with the body position

A

1.rostral(nose end)
2.caudal(tail end)
3.ventral(belly)
4.dorsal(back)

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6
Q

another 4 things that indicate orientation if position changes

A

1.anterior
2.posterior
3.superior
4.inferior

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7
Q

another term of for dorsal columns which are located in spinal cord

A

posterior columns

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8
Q

cerebral hemisphere location

A

situated between cerebrum and the brainstem is the diencephalon: the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

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9
Q

what is the function of cerebral hemisphere function

A

higher reasoning, abstract thought, audio and visual processing, and memory.

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10
Q

what are the 3 things cerebral hemisphere characterised by?

A

1.gyrci
2.sulci
3.fissures

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11
Q

function of gyrci

A

peaks formed by the folding of the cortical tissue

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12
Q

function of sucri

A

grooves between the folds of tissue.

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13
Q

function of fissures

A

describe larger folds, e.g. the lateral fissure separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe.

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14
Q

what is the basal ganglia located ?

A

located deep within the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres.

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15
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

groups of neurons that help to control and fine tune movement.

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16
Q

what are the 4 main nuclie of the basal ganglia?

A

1.Caudate nucleus
2.Putamen
3.Globus pallidus
4.Subthalamic nuclei

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17
Q

What is the function of limbic system located?

A

interconnected group of deep cortical nuclei that are involved in emotions and memory.

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18
Q

what are the 5 areas the limbic system involves ?

A

1.Amygdala
2.Hippocampus
3.Fornix
4.Mammillary bodies
5.Cingulate gyrus

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19
Q

where is the brain stem located?

A

base of the skull and is continuous with the spinal cord

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20
Q

what are three things that the brainstem comprised of?

A

1.midbrain
2.pons
3.medulla oblongata

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21
Q

what is the function of the brainstem?

A

involved in sensory-motor relays and regulating vital autonomic functions (heart rate, respiration rate, sleeping, eating

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22
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A

base of the brain, below the cerebral cortex and behind the brainstem.

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23
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

timing and planning of movement, memory and posture.

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24
Q

what is the spinal cord

A

continuation of the brain stem

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25
Q

what is the function of the brain stem?

A

relaying sensory and motor information between the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and organs and limbs.

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26
Q

in the nervous system, what is the saggital?

A

where a line has been drawn down through the middle of the brain and the cuts being made along there

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27
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the Longitudinal fissure in the brain?

A

division of the 2 cerebral hemispheres

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28
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the gyrus?

A

between the ridges of the brain -it is the dips running along the surface of the brain

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29
Q

what is the function of gyrus?

A

allow brain to fold into many folds -increase effective surface area and communication for cells

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30
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the post central gyrus ?

A

main sensory strip control senses we feel in the body

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31
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the precentral gyrus?

A

frontal lobe on this motor strip- controls movement off the body and then behind

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32
Q

in the central nervous system what is the central sulcus?

A

separates frontal from parietal lobes

33
Q

in the central nervous system what is the lateral sulcus?

A

separates the temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

34
Q

in the central nervous system, what is poles?

A

any tip of a thing for example for the occipital lobe there will be an occipital pole

35
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the Corpus callosum

A

huge fibre pathway that connects left and right hemisphere

36
Q

in the central nervous system, what is the optic chiasm and tract?

A

this is where fibres crossover. The tract feeds into the brain and information are sent back round to the brain to the occipital lobe where it gets processed. Visual pathway comes in crosses over and travels back to the edges of the brain

37
Q

in the central nervous system,where does the pituitary gland and its function?

A

sits in skull-releases hormones

38
Q

where does the left brain control the right side of the body and visa versa?

A

fibre pathways cross over

39
Q

what is the function of ventricular system?

A

cerebral spinal fluid -which coats the brain and protects it is produced and transmitted from

40
Q

in the ventricular system, what are the anterior horns?

A

feeds into the fore brain. This projects outwards to occipital lobe. Then branches ran out to the temporal lobe

41
Q

in the ventricular system, what’s the circle of Willis, and which cerebral artery does it come from?

A

internal carotid which sends blood through and then comes middle cerebral artery

42
Q

in the ventricular system, what is the function of middle cerebral artery function?

A

supplies temporal lobes, part of the frontal lobes and parietal lobes

43
Q

in the ventricular system, what is the anterior cerebral?

A

supplies both inside of longitudinal fissure and frontal regions

44
Q

in the ventricular system, what is the posterior cerebral artery and how is this artery formed?

A

supplies occipital lobe packs the parietal lobe and cerebellum. This artery is formed by fusion off the circle of Willis with the vessels that supply the brain stem in the spinal cord .The 2 vertebral artery feed down to supply the spinal cord

45
Q

in the ventricular system, how is the blood flow happening if there Is hard tissue surrounding it?

A

there is penetrating arteries come off the vessels which penetrate deeper into the tissue

46
Q

what is the function of cerebellum and brainstem?

A

Has cranial nerves- control head and neck movement

47
Q

in the cerebellum and brainstem, what is the floccule and its function?

A

oldest part of cerebellum if it gets trapped it can cause problems with movement and control of movement.

48
Q

in the cerebellum from the Dorsal aspect, what is the vermis?

A

runs down through the cerebellum and at the end of it there are tonsils

49
Q

in the brainstem, what 2 pairs does it have?

A

1.superior colliculus
2.inferior colliculus

50
Q

in the brainstem, what is the superior colliculus involved in?

A

vision

51
Q

in the brainstem, what is the inferior colliculus?

A

hearing

52
Q

in the brainstem, what is the function of lat geniculate body?

A

important for vision attached to superior colliculus

53
Q

in the brainstem, what happens in the 4th ventricle?

A

passageway from this point runs through middle of the spinal cord. The fourth ventricle -cerebellum sits on top of it

54
Q

from the ventral aspect in the brainstem, where does the diencephalon sit?

A

midbrain

55
Q

how many cranial nerves are there in the brain?

A

12

56
Q

what does the cranial 11 receive?

A

spinal accessory nerves from upper cervical regions

57
Q

what is the function of cranial 11?

A

controls head and neck movement

58
Q

what nerve is cranial 5 called?

A

trigeminal nerve

59
Q

what is the function of cranial 5?

A

controls sensation in the face

60
Q

function of cranial 6 and 4?

A

controls eye movements

61
Q

function of cranial 7?

A

controls muscles in the face e.g. during speaking and making expressions

62
Q

function of cranial 8?

A

sense of hearing and balance known as vestibular of Cocula

63
Q

what is cranial 9?

A

hypoglosal

64
Q

what is the function of cranial 10?

A

carries and transmits to regions around the body known as vagus. This carries vagal nerve which travels around the body innovating the viscera

65
Q

what is the function of cranial 12?

A

tongue movement e.g when we speak highly developed nerve

66
Q

in the brainstem what system is olive part of?

A

part of the hearing system

67
Q

in the brainstem, what do the pyramidal tracts crossover?

A

pyramid region

68
Q

in the spinal cord, what regions is the cervical enlargement in?

A

neck region

69
Q

in the spinal cord, how many pairs does the thoracic region have?

A

8 pairs

70
Q

in the spinal cord, what is the function of the thoracic region?

A

control arm movements, fine movements of fingers which take a lot of nervous control and that’s why there is an enlargement in this region

71
Q

in the spinal cord, how many segments are in the lumbar regions?

A

5 segments lumbar 1-5

72
Q

what is the function of the lumbar region?

A

controls leg movement

73
Q

in the spinal cord, how many pairs of nerves are in the sacral region ?

A

5 pairs

74
Q

in the spinal cord, whats the function of sacral region?

A

controls autonomic responses such as bladder control, control of the rectum, control of the lower organs and the reproductive organs

75
Q

in the spinal cord, what is the coccygeal nerve?

A

tip of the spinal cord

76
Q

in the spinal cords, what is the function of peripheral nerves?

A

these nerves carry motor outflow from spinal cord and carry sensory input into the spinal cord -mix nerves -carry motor and sensation

77
Q

in the spinal cord, what is ganglia located?

A

cell bodies for sensory systems, these long nerves are situated within the grey matter off the spinal cord

78
Q

in the spinal cord, the central cord there is grey matter surrounding this what does this contain?

A

cell bodies within the spinal cord

79
Q

what is contained the white matter in the spinal cord?

A

contains fibre tracks travelling through spinal cord itself

80
Q

in the spinal cords, what is the ventral rootlets?

A

where motor fibres come out these projects via rootlets , could also be known as anterior rootlets

81
Q

in the spinal cord, when the nerves travel out what nerves do they become?

A

peripheral nerves

mental health + neurobiology (45 decks)

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